Cost-effectiveness of watchful waiting versus immediate emergency department transfer after epinephrine autoinjector use in Canada.

Background: Until recently, immediate emergency department (ED) transfer after food-related anaphylactic reactions was recommended regardless of symptom resolution following use of an epinephrine autoinjector (EAI). We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of delayed ED transfer after EAI use in non-medical settings (watchful waiting) compared to immediate ED transfer among pediatric patients with food allergies in Canada.

Methods: We developed a probabilistic Markov model of individuals starting at age of one year who are at risk of severe food-related allergic reactions requiring epinephrine.

Burden of pertussis in infants in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and the impact of maternal vaccination: a systematic review.

Background: Despite vaccine availability, Pertussis remains a global public health challenge, especially among infants. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) presents a diverse epidemiological landscape with varying vaccination coverages and healthcare infrastructures. This systematic review aimed to assess the burden of pertussis in infants < 1 year of age in the EMR and evaluate the use and impact of pertussis vaccination during pregnancy.

Satiety: a gut-brain-relationship.

Many hormones act on the hypothalamus to control hunger and satiety through various pathways closely associated with several factors. When food is present in the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) emit satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which can then communicate with the vagus nerve to control food intake. More specifically, satiety has been shown to be particularly affected by the GLP-1 hormone and its receptor agonists that have lately been acknowledged as a promising way to reduce weight.

A comparison of objective and subjective measures of physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors between persons with and without depressive symptoms.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by negative recall biases, which may impact how individuals with depressive symptoms report physical activity (PA), sedentary, and sleep behaviors. Additionally, there are discrepancies between subjective and objective behaviors in MDD. Thus, the current study investigated whether individuals with depressive symptoms differ in their subjective and objective PA, sedentary, and sleep behaviors, and whether the magnitude of these discrepancies differ from those in individuals without depressive symptoms.

Exploring risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns associated with bacteriuria among Syrian refugees in makeshift camps.

Background: The health and well-being of refugees are critically compromised by harsh living conditions, which foster the emergence of infectious diseases and the misuse of antimicrobial agents. This multicentre cross-sectional community-based study investigated the prevalence of urine carriage of bacteria and the associated antimicrobial resistance patterns among Syrian refugees living in makeshift camps in Lebanon, an East Mediterranean country.

Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify the risk factors associated with bacteriuria in this vulnerable population.

Treatment of vision-threatening branch retinal artery occlusion following coronary angioplasty with surgical displacement of embolus.

Purpose: To report a successful case of vision restoration and macular reperfusion following branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) using pars plana vitrectomy with undermining the artery off the retinal bed.

Methods: This case report involves a 75-year-old patient who was diagnosed immediately with BRAO following cardiac catheterization procedure. An embolus at the superior retinal artery bifurcation was noted.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products in Selected Middle East Countries.

Background: Human consumption of dairy products contaminated with aflatoxin (AF) M1 can lead to severe health issues. This AF's significance and impact on health necessitate a thorough investigation of its prevalence in dairy products.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of AFM1 in dairy products through a systematic review and meta-analysis, focusing on data from Middle Eastern countries.

Dementia incidence among a cohort of lebanese older adults: first incidence estimates from the Middle East and North Africa region.

Objective: To provide the first estimates of dementia incidence rates among elderly in Lebanon.

Methods: The cohort established in 2013 consisted of 470 elderly from Beirut and Mount Lebanon, who consented to be followed-up. In 2017, we reached 341 participants/informants, achieving a response rate of 72.

Reconstruction of Back Defect from Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus Using Dermal Substitute Matrix.

Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are large pigmented premalignant lesions present at birth that have an associated risk of malignant transformation. Full-thickness excision of these lesions would be required to eliminate this risk. However, giant nevi can leave behind large defects that can be challenging to reconstruct.

Examining the integration of refugees into the national health system in Uganda: an analysis using the policy triangle framework.

Background: Uganda has been confronted with a sustained influx of refugees for decades. This prompted the government to explore opportunities to integrate refugees into local service structures including its national health system. This paper chronicles the history of policies and strategies that have influenced the integration of refugees into the national health system in Uganda and investigates factors that impacted policy evolution and progression.

Infant and young child feeding practice status and its determinants in UAE: results from the MISC cohort.

Background: To evaluate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices and their determinants among infants and young children in the United Arab Emirates using the 2021 WHO/UNICEF IYCF guidelines.

Methods: The Mother and Infant Study Cohort (MISC), is a prospective study of mothers recruited in their third gestational trimester and followed with their infants up to 18 months of age (n = 167). Data were collected at 3rd trimester, delivery, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum via questionnaires, review of medical records, anthropometric measurements, and 24-hour dietary recalls of the child's intake at 6, 12, and 18 months.

Coronin1A regulates the trafficking of alpha synuclein in microglia.

Microglia respond to cytotoxic protein aggregates associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological protein aggregates activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in proinflammatory signaling, secretion, and potentially pyroptotic cell death. We characterized mixed sex primary mouse microglia exposed to microbial stressors and alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (αsyn PFFs) to identify cellular mechanisms related to Parkinson's disease.

Radiation Exposure Analysis on 274 Patients With Vertebral Augmentation Using the Surgivisio Intraoperative Navigation System.

Background: Surgeons' reliance on intraoperative fluoroscopy during vertebroplasty procedures has raised concerns regarding the level of patient and surgeon radiation. Navigation systems have shown a potential to reduce the overall patient and medical staff exposure during dose exposure studies. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the Surgivisio platform (eCential Robotics, France), a unified imaging and navigation platform, lowers the patient dose during routine clinical usage as compared with published fluoroscopy and other navigation options that are published in the literature.

Can household energy efficiency dampen crude oil price volatility in the United States?

Even though the effect of oil price shocks on macroeconomics has been extensively investigated, the literature on how efficiency in household energy use affect crude oil price volatility is yet explored. This study unveils whether household energy efficiency lower crude oil price volatility asymmetrically in the United States using the historical and forecast dataset that spans from 1970:Q1-2040:Q1. Applying the multivariate case of Quantile-on-Quantile Regression, the empirical results show that household energy efficiency dampens crude oil price volatility with a stronger connection in quantiles before the median quantiles of crude oil price volatility.

Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Introduction: Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are considered a major public health threat. Immunocompromised pediatric patients are at a great risk of severe or overwhelming infections. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of infections with multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in immunocompromised pediatric patients and to determine the risk factors.

Alopecia Management Potential of Rosemary-Based Nanoemulgel Loaded with Metformin: Approach Combining Active Essential Oil and Repurposed Drug.

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a multifactorial and age-related dermatological disease that affects both males and females, usually at older ages. Traditional hair repair drugs exemplified by minoxidil have limitations such as skin irritation and hypertrichosis. Thus, attention has been shifted to the use of repurposing drugs.

Nanopore-based random genomic sampling for intraoperative molecular diagnosis.

Background: Central nervous system tumors are among the most lethal types of cancer. A critical factor for tailored neurosurgical resection strategies depends on specific tumor types. However, it is uncommon to have a preoperative tumor diagnosis, and intraoperative morphology-based diagnosis remains challenging.

Improving diagnostics and surveillance of malaria among displaced people in Africa.

African communities that have been forced to leave their homes experience a considerably greater susceptibility to malaria as a result of densely populated living conditions, restricted availability of healthcare, and environmental influences. Internally displaced individuals frequently live in large settlements with restricted availability to drinking water, essential sanitation, and medical services, intensifying the spread of malaria. As a result, the occurrence of malaria is significantly more common among refugees and internally displaced individuals compared to those who are not displaced.

Healthcare Resource Utilization in the Two Years Prior to Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Reverse (RTSA) and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) are the gold standard surgical treatments for symptomatic glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA). Typically, these procedures are pursued after exhausting medical management and non-arthroplasty procedures. There is little reliable evidence focused on non-arthroplasty treatments for glenohumeral OA, although their use is widespread.

Validating the accuracy of mathematical model-based pharmacogenomics dose prediction with real-world data.

Objective: The study aims to verify the usage of mathematical modeling in predicting patients' medication doses in association with their genotypes versus real-world data.

Methods: The work relied on collecting, extracting, and using real-world data on dosing and patients' genotypes. Drug metabolizing enzymes, i.

Genetic Correlations Among Dental, Mandibular, and Postcranial Dimensions in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Objectives: Tooth dimensions typically scale with mandibular and postcranial size in primates, although the exact pattern of scaling varies. This study assesses whether correlations by tissue type, anatomical region, or function (mastication or intrasexual competition) are present and could therefore act as evolutionary constraints on tooth-jaw-body size relationships by estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations between dental, mandibular, and postcranial dimensions in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Materials And Methods: The teeth, mandibles, and postcrania of 362 adults from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection were measured.

Composite spin probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity for pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Solid crystalline spin probes, such as lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) and lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO), allow repeated oxygen measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Due to their short relaxation times, their use for pulse EPR oxygen imaging is limited. In this study, we developed and tested a new class of solid composite spin probes that modified the relaxation rates R and R of LiPc or LiNc-BuO probes, which allowed pO measurements in the full dynamic (0-760 torr) range.