Revisiting the Optical Spectrum of the Plutonyl Ion (PuO) in 1 M HClO.

The analysis of the solution absorption spectrum of the plutonyl ion in an aqueous environment was given by Eisenstein and Pryce (E&P) in 1968. In 2011 a new spectrum was published of the (PuO) ion in 1 M HClO. We have been provided with the original data of this spectrum and have found in the data a previously unreported low-lying transition at 7385 cm which we have assigned as a magnetic dipole transition.

Intrinsically Slow Cooling of Hot Electrons in CdSe Nanocrystals Compared to CdS.

The utilization of excited charge carriers in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) for optoelectronic technologies has been a long-standing goal in the field of nanoscience. Experimental efforts to extend the lifetime of excited carriers have therefore been a principal focus. To understand the limits of these lifetimes, in this work, we theoretically study the time scales of pure electron relaxation in negatively charged NCs composed of two prototypical materials: CdSe and CdS.

Tip-Induced 3D Printing on the Nanoscale with Field Emission Scanning Probes.

3D printing down to the nanoscale remains a significant challenge. In this paper, the study explores the use of scanning probes that emit low-energy electrons (<100 eV) coupled with the localized injection and electron-induced decomposition of precursor molecules, for the precise localized deposition of 3D nanostructures. The experiments are performed inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), enabling the use of the in-built gas injector system (GIS) with gaseous naphthalene precursor for carbon deposition, as well as immediate inspection of the deposits by SEM.

Theory of capillary tension and interfacial dynamics of motility-induced phases.

The statistical mechanics of equilibrium interfaces has been well-established for over a half century. In the past decade, a wealth of observations have made increasingly clear that a new perspective is required to describe interfaces arbitrarily far from equilibrium. In this work, beginning from microscopic particle dynamics that break time-reversal symmetry, we derive the linear interfacial dynamics of coexisting motility-induced phases.

Regulation of sarcomere formation and function in the healthy heart requires a titin intronic enhancer.

Heterozygous truncating variants in the sarcomere protein titin (TTN) are the most common genetic cause of heart failure. To understand mechanisms that regulate abundant cardiomyocyte TTN expression we characterized highly conserved intron 1 sequences that exhibited dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during differentiation of human cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). Homozygous deletion of these sequences in mice caused embryonic lethality while heterozygous mice demonstrated allele-specific reduction in Ttn expression.

exhibits necrotrophic behavior when causing soft rot in ripe fruit.

is known for causing soft rot in fruit and vegetables during postharvest. Although it has traditionally been considered a saprophyte, it appears to behave more like a necrotrophic pathogen. In this study, we propose that invades host tissues by actively killing host cells and overcoming the host defense mechanisms, as opposed to growing saprophytically on decaying plant matter.

Nondestructive Analysis of Commercial Batteries.

Electrochemical batteries play a crucial role for powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, large-scale electric grids, and future electric aircraft. However, key performance metrics such as energy density, charging speed, lifespan, and safety raise significant consumer concerns. Enhancing battery performance hinges on a deep understanding of their operational and degradation mechanisms, from material composition and electrode structure to large-scale pack integration, necessitating advanced characterization methods.

Continuous Flow Photoelectrochemical Reactor with Gas Permeable Photocathode: Enhanced Photocurrent and Partial Current Density for CO Reduction.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO reduction using a photocathode is an attractive method for making valuable chemical products due to its simplicity and lower overpotential requirements. However, previous PEC processes have often been diffusion-limited leading to low production rates of the CO reduction reaction, due to inefficient gas diffusion through the liquid electrolyte to the catalyst surface, particularly at high current densities. In this study, a gas-permeable photocathode in a continuous flow PEC reactor is incorporated, which facilitates the direct supply of CO gas to the photocathode-electrolyte interface, unlike dark reaction-based flow reactors.

Symmetry Breaking in the Lowest-Lying Excited-State of CCl: Valence Shell Spectroscopy in the 5.0-10.8 eV Photon Energy Range.

We report absolute high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoabsorption cross-sections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in the photon energy range 5.0-10.8 eV (248-115 nm).

Transcriptomic Analysis of the CAM Species Under Low- and High-Temperature Regimes.

Temperature stress is one of the major limiting environmental factors that negatively impact global crop yields. is an obligate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant species, exhibiting much higher water-use efficiency and tolerance to drought and heat stresses than C or C plant species. Previous studies on gene expression responses to low- or high-temperature stress have been focused on C and C plants.

Integrative analysis of the 3D genome and epigenome in mouse embryonic tissues.

While a rich set of putative cis-regulatory sequences involved in mouse fetal development have been annotated recently on the basis of chromatin accessibility and histone modification patterns, delineating their role in developmentally regulated gene expression continues to be challenging. To fill this gap, here we mapped chromatin contacts between gene promoters and distal sequences across the genome in seven mouse fetal tissues and across six developmental stages of the forebrain. We identified 248,620 long-range chromatin interactions centered at 14,138 protein-coding genes and characterized their tissue-to-tissue variations and developmental dynamics.

Rhenium-Sulfido and -Dithiolato Corroles: Reflections on Chalcophilicity.

The high-temperature (∼180 °C) reaction between free-base -triarylcorroles and Re(CO), followed by exposure to PCl and thiols (or elemental sulfur), affords rhenium-sulfido (ReS) corroles in 67-76% yields. The use of shorter reaction times, lower temperatures (∼130 °C), and a dithiol (e.g.

Using the Metropolis algorithm to explore the loss surface of a recurrent neural network.

In the limit of small trial moves the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm is equivalent to gradient descent on the energy function in the presence of Gaussian white noise. This observation was originally used to demonstrate a correspondence between Metropolis Monte Carlo moves of model molecules and overdamped Langevin dynamics, but it also applies in the context of training a neural network: making small random changes to the weights of a neural network, accepted with the Metropolis probability, with the loss function playing the role of energy, has the same effect as training by explicit gradient descent in the presence of Gaussian white noise. We explore this correspondence in the context of a simple recurrent neural network.

Building a FAIR data ecosystem for incorporating single-cell transcriptomics data into agricultural genome to phenome research.

Introduction: The agriculture genomics community has numerous data submission standards available, but the standards for describing and storing single-cell (SC, e.g., scRNA- seq) data are comparatively underdeveloped.

Intrinsic-dimension analysis for guiding dimensionality reduction and data fusion in multi-omics data processing.

Multi-omics data have revolutionized biomedical research by providing a comprehensive understanding of biological systems and the molecular mechanisms of disease development. However, analyzing multi-omics data is challenging due to high dimensionality and limited sample sizes, necessitating proper data-reduction pipelines to ensure reliable analyses. Additionally, its multimodal nature requires effective data-integration pipelines.

How to build the virtual cell with artificial intelligence: Priorities and opportunities.

Cells are essential to understanding health and disease, yet traditional models fall short of modeling and simulating their function and behavior. Advances in AI and omics offer groundbreaking opportunities to create an AI virtual cell (AIVC), a multi-scale, multi-modal large-neural-network-based model that can represent and simulate the behavior of molecules, cells, and tissues across diverse states. This Perspective provides a vision on their design and how collaborative efforts to build AIVCs will transform biological research by allowing high-fidelity simulations, accelerating discoveries, and guiding experimental studies, offering new opportunities for understanding cellular functions and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations in open science.

Automated Gold Nanorod Spectral Morphology Analysis Pipeline.

The development of a colloidal synthesis procedure to produce nanomaterials with high shape and size purity is often a time-consuming, iterative process. This is often due to quantitative uncertainties in the required reaction conditions and the time, resources, and expertise intensive characterization methods required for quantitative determination of nanomaterial size and shape. Absorption spectroscopy is often the easiest method for colloidal nanomaterial characterization.

A goldilocks computational protocol for inhibitor discovery targeting DNA damage responses including replication-repair functions.

While many researchers can design knockdown and knockout methodologies to remove a gene product, this is mainly untrue for new chemical inhibitor designs that empower multifunctional DNA Damage Response (DDR) networks. Here, we present a robust Goldilocks (GL) computational discovery protocol to efficiently innovate inhibitor tools and preclinical drug candidates for cellular and structural biologists without requiring extensive virtual screen (VS) and chemical synthesis expertise. By computationally targeting DDR replication and repair proteins, we exemplify the identification of DDR target sites and compounds to probe cancer biology.

Emergent actin flows explain distinct modes of gliding motility.

During host infection, and related unicellular parasites move using gliding, which differs fundamentally from other known mechanisms of eukaryotic cell motility. Gliding is thought to be powered by a thin layer of flowing filamentous (F)-actin sandwiched between the plasma membrane and a myosin-covered inner membrane complex. How this surface actin layer drives the various gliding modes observed in experiments-helical, circular, twirling and patch, pendulum or rolling-is unclear.

Expression of a mammalian RNA demethylase increases flower number and floral stem branching in .

RNA methylation plays a central regulatory role in plant biology and is a relatively new target for plant improvement efforts. In nearly all cases, perturbation of the RNA methylation machinery results in deleterious phenotypes. However, a recent landmark paper reported that transcriptome-wide use of the human RNA demethylase FTO substantially increased the yield of rice and potatoes.

Electron-Phonon Coupling in Copper-Substituted Lead Phosphate Apatite.

Recent reports of room-temperature, ambient pressure superconductivity in copper-substituted lead phosphate apatite, commonly referred to as LK99, have prompted numerous theoretical and experimental studies into its properties. As the electron-phonon interaction is a common mechanism for superconductivity, the electron-phonon coupling strength is an important quantity to compute for LK99. In this work, we compare the electron-phonon coupling strength among the proposed compositions of LK99.

Stabilized Oxygen Vacancy Chemistry toward High-Performance Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Anionic redox has emerged as a transformative paradigm for high-energy layered transition-metal (TM) oxide cathodes, but it is usually accompanied by the formation of anionic redox-mediated oxygen vacancies (OVs) due to irreversible oxygen release. Additionally, external factor-induced OVs (defined as intrinsic OVs) also play a pivotal role in the physicochemical properties of layered TM oxides. However, an in-depth understanding of the interplay between intrinsic and anionic redox-mediated OVs and the corresponding regulation mechanism of the dynamic evolution of OVs is still missing.

Green microalga conserves substrate uptake pattern but changes their metabolic uses across trophic transition.

The terrestrial green alga is an emerging model species with potential applications including production of triacylglycerol or astaxanthin. How interacts with the diverse substrates during trophic transitions is unknown. To characterize its substrate utilization and secretion dynamics, we cultivated the alga in a soil-based defined medium in transition between conditions with and without glucose supplementation.