James Callaway, an Artist with a Drill and a Brush.

Dr. James A. Callaway (1947-2022) (Fig.

Longitudinal Curricular Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Intimate Partner Violence among First-Year Dental Students.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has previously been recognized as a major public health issue. Oral healthcare providers, such as dentists, are crucial to the screening and identifying of individuals experiencing IPV, since most injuries occur in the head and neck region. A lack of knowledge and awareness regarding teaching and learning about IPV in dental school curricula has been identified.

Biological Aging and Periodontal Disease: Analysis of NHANES (2001-2002).

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by multiple potential contributing factors such as bacterial biofilm infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth and environmental determinants and a dysregulated host response for modifying and resolving the inflammation. Because periodontal disease is a major public health concern with substantial increases in the prevalence and severity in aging populations, previous studies of periodontitis tended to approach the disease as an age-associated outcome across the life span. However, few investigations have considered that, as a chronic noncommunicable disease, periodontitis may not simply be a disease that increases with age but may contribute to more rapid biologic aging.

COVID-19: What do we know?

• Evidence regarding the provision of orthodontic care during the COVID-19 pandemic is examined.

Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid to Modulate Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth In Vitro.

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) is capable of mediating oral tumor growth. Some clinical evidence has suggested reduced HA expression predicts poor cancer prognosis and that HA-chemotherapy conjugates may function synergistically to inhibit oral tumor growth. Other studies have found conflicting results that suggest enhanced CD44-HA-mediated growth and proliferation.

miR-365 (microRNA): Potential Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles.

Introduction: miR-365 is a non-coding microRNA that regulates transcription and has been demonstrated to promote oncogenesis and metastasis in some cancers, while suppressing these effects in others. Many microRNAs are produced and then exported extracellularly in exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 100 nm that are found in eukaryotic fluids and facilitate many cellular functions. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles are produced by many cell types, including oral cancer cells-although no study to date has evaluated miR-365 and oral cancer exosomes or extracellular vesicles.

Comparison of DNA Extracted from Pediatric Saliva, Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Site-Specific Biofilm Samples.

(1) Introduction: Due to the non-invasive nature of saliva, many methods have been used to isolate and collect DNA from saliva samples for microbial screening. Many oral microbes also inhabit the oral biofilm, which may represent significantly different microbial constituents that may contribute to oral health and disease, including caries and periodontal disorders. Moreover, the biofilm may vary within the same patient at different sites.

Differential MicroRNA Expression of miR-21 and miR-155 within Oral Cancer Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Melatonin.

Objective: Extracellular vesicles derived from oral cancer cells, which include Exosomes and Oncosomes, are membranous vesicles secreted into the surrounding extracellular environment. These extracellular vesicles can regulate and modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression through the horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids and microRNA (miRNA). The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential to isolate and evaluate extracellular vesicles (including exosomes) from various oral cancer cell lines and to explore potential differences in miRNA content.

Surface Roughness of Methacrylate- and Silorane-Based Composites After Finishing and Polishing Procedures.

Objective: To compare the effect of surface finishing and polishing protocols on the surface roughness (Ra) of methacrylate-based and silorane-based resin composites.

Methods And Materials: Fifty specimens (5 mm x 2 mm) of each composite material were prepared using a split mold: Filtek™ Supreme Ultra (3M ESPE), Tetric EvoCeram® (Ivoclar Vivadent), Tetric Ceram™ HB (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Filtek™ LS Low Shrink (3M ESPE). Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the following procedures: G1 - 15-µm fine diamond bur (FDB); G2 - 15-µm FDB followed by a 20-fluted tungsten carbide bur; G3 - 15-µm FDB followed by diamond-impregnated micropolishing points (D-FINE Double Diamond Polishing System, Clinician's Choice); G4 - 15-µm FDB followed by diamond-impregnated micropolishing points (Flame Point Pre-polisher and Shine, Brassseler USA); and G5 - 15-µm FDB followed by the application of a surface sealer (PermaSeal®, Ultradent Products, Inc.

Which Way to Lean? A National Study of Women Dental Faculty Members' Career Aspirations and Choices.

The aim of this first national study of women in academic dentistry was to explore factors and perceived barriers for why administrative/leadership positions were or were not sought via data collected from full-time women dental faculty members in the U.S. In fall 2015, the researchers conducted a survey that employed a combination of response formats: forced choice from a menu, multiple allowable answers, and open-ended written comments.

Assessment of Oral Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in a Multi-ethnic Pediatric Clinic Population.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) family has been associated with many cancers, including oral cancer. Recent studies have also revealed HPV presence from healthy adult and pediatric patient saliva samples, though much less is known about the oral prevalence of high-risk HPV in healthy children and adolescents. The primary goal of this project was to assess the prevalence of HPV within a pediatric dental clinic using non-invasively collected saliva.

Root Tip Recovery via Root Canal Instrumentation.

This article reviews 2 representative cases of root tip recovery by root canal instrumentation. Recommendations associated with the use of root canal instrumentation for root tip recovery within mandibular and maxillary alveoli are considered.

Interprofessional faculty development: integration of oral health into the geriatric diabetes curriculum, from theory to practice.

Background: Health care workforce shortages and an increase demand for health care services by an older demographic challenged by oral-systemic conditions are being recognized across health care systems. Demands are placed on health care professionals to render coordinated delivery of services. Management of oral-systemic conditions requires a trained health care workforce to render interprofessional patient-centered and coordinated delivery of health care services.

The development of anesthesiology in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

No legitimate history of anesthesiology can exclude the contributions of American dentistry. Similarly, no history of anesthesiology in dentistry can exclude the contributions of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). Many contributions of OMS to the art and science of anesthesiology have been singular, cutting edge when introduced, have stood the test of time, and have subsequently been universally incorporated into the general discipline.

Screening and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) high-risk strains HPV16 and HPV18 in saliva samples from subjects under 18 years old in Nevada: a pilot study.

Background: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are oncogenic and mainly associated with cervical cancers. Recent evidence has demonstrated HPV infection in other tissues, including oral epithelia and mucosa. Although a recent pilot study provided new information about oral HPV status in healthy adults from Nevada, no information was obtained about oral HPV prevalence among children or teenagers, therefore, the goal of this study is to provide more detailed information about oral prevalence of high-risk HPV among children and teenagers in Nevada.

Electronic vs. traditional textbook use: dental students' perceptions and study habits.

This descriptive study assessed dental students' attitudes about computer use as it relates to study habits and use of e-textbook technology. Academic deans and student leaders at all accredited dental education programs in the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada were asked to forward an e-mail to students explaining the purpose of the study and asking them to participate. The e-mail included an embedded URL link to the survey.