Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking in Young Men as Predictors of Body Composition Changes During Military Service.

Aims: To evaluate the influences of alcohol consumption frequency and binge drinking on changes in the body composition, lifestyle habits and physical fitness of healthy young men during military service.

Methods: A population-based study of men performing their military service in the Sodankylä Jaeger Brigade, Finland in 2005. Body composition, fitness and lifestyle habits were evaluated at baseline and 6-12 months follow-up.

Structural properties of the human corpus callosum: Multimodal assessment and sex differences.

A number of structural properties of white matter can be assessed in vivo using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We measured profiles of R1 and R2 relaxation rates, myelin water fraction (MWF) and diffusion tensor measures (fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD]) across the mid-sagittal section of the corpus callosum in two samples of young individuals. In Part 1, we compared histology-derived axon diameter (Aboitiz et al.

Association between family history of psychiatric disorders and long-term outcome in schizophrenia - The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study.

Family history of psychiatric disorders has been associated with impaired outcome in schizophrenia, but very few studies have investigated its long-term social and occupational outcome. We investigated the association of family history of psychiatric disorders, especially psychosis, with long-term social, occupational, clinical and global outcome in schizophrenia. The study sample comprises of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Smoking in pregnancy, adolescent mental health and cognitive performance in young adult offspring: results from a matched sample within a Finnish cohort.

Background: The association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) and adult cognition is debated, including if there are differences according to sex. We aimed to determine if there are associations between PEMCS and cognition in early adulthood in men and women and examine if observed associations were mediated by adolescent mental health factors that are associated with cognition, namely psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), inattention and hyperactivity, and other externalizing behaviors.

Methods: Participants were 471 individuals drawn from the general population-based Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1986) followed up from pregnancy and birth to early adulthood; individuals with PEMCS were matched with those without PEMCS by socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Assays of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin Combination from Maternal Serum Improve the Detection of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.

Background: Alcohol use during pregnancy leads to detrimental effects on fetal development. As self-reports by mothers are known to be unreliable for assessing prenatal alcohol exposure, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers for identifying those at risk for alcohol-affected offspring.

Methods: We measured serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a mathematically formulated combination of GGT and CDT (GGT-CDT), and ethylglucuronide (EtG) concentrations from 1,936 mothers with a positive (n = 480) or negative (n = 1,456) history of alcohol use at the time of pregnancy.

Search for protective factors for psychosis - a population-based sample with special interest in unaffected individuals with parental psychosis.

Aim: To find factors that are associated with not having psychotic illness in a prospective general population sample, with a special interest in individuals with parental psychosis.

Methods: Data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 10 458) and several registers were used to detect individuals with and without parental psychosis. Altogether, 594 persons had parent(s) with psychosis and 48 of them also had psychosis subsequently.

Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features is Associated with Impaired Processing Speed.

Objective: A proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show cognitive impairment that is associated with treatment nonresponse and poorer functional recovery. A broader range of cognitive dysfunction has been found to be associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and with the presence of psychotic symptoms. Thus far, the effects of psychotic symptoms on the neuropsychological profile of patients with treatment-resistant MDD have not been investigated.

Inclusion of Regional Body Composition Parameters Improves Bone Mineral Density Cross-Calibration Between GE Lunar Prodigy and iDXA Densitometers.

Since 1989, the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE, n = 14220) Study has followed long-term changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in women with GE Lunar devices. During the course of OSTPRE, the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device had to be replaced by a newer model. Then, it was essential to determine whether systematic measurement differences in BMD and body composition will occur.

Fulminant neuromyelitis optica in a Finnish woman - a case report.

Neuromyelitis optica is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that predominantly targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. Our case represents an unusual and severe course of neuromyelitis optica. Despite several forms of treatment, our patient died after a severe and short-term attack.

Multimorbidity predicts falls differentially according to the type of fall in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To ascertain whether the risk of falls of different types is related to morbidity (number of chronic medical conditions) among postmenopausal women.

Study Design: This cohort study uses data from a population-based prospective cohort study (OSTPRE). The study population consisted of 10,594 women aged 47-56 years living in Kuopio Province, Eastern Finland, in 1989, who responded to postal enquiries at both baseline and 5-year follow-up, in 1994.

The effect of prenatal smoking exposure on daily smoking among teenage offspring.

Aims: To study the predictive associations between maternal smoking and the impact of quitting smoking during pregnancy and offspring daily smoking at age 15-16 years.

Design: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC86) includes 99% of all births in the region and has an ongoing follow-up. Data were collected using questionnaires at 24th gestational week during pregnancy and after delivery, and at follow-up in 2001-02, when the offspring were aged 15-16 years.

Disordered eating behavior, health and motives to exercise in young men: cross-sectional population-based MOPO study.

Background: Being overweight is an increasing problem among young people, among whom disordered eating behavior is linked with weight problems as well as unhealthy weight control. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether health factors and motives to exercise differ in young men by the type of disordered eating behavior.

Methods: The population-based, cross-sectional MOPO study consisted of 2,096 young Finnish men (mean age 17.

The prevalence, age distribution and comorbidity of personality disorders in Australian women.

Objective: We aimed to describe the prevalence and age distribution of personality disorders and their comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in an age-stratified sample of Australian women aged ⩾25 years.

Methods: Individual personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive), lifetime mood, anxiety, eating and substance misuse disorders were diagnosed utilising validated semi-structured clinical interviews (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders). The prevalence of personality disorders and Clusters were determined from the study population ( n = 768), and standardised to the Australian population using the 2011 Australian Bureau of Statistics census data.

Cross-Calibration of GE Healthcare Lunar Prodigy and iDXA Dual-Energy X-Ray Densitometers for Bone Mineral Measurements.

In long-term prospective studies, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices need to be inevitably changed. It is essential to assess whether systematic differences will exist between measurements with the new and old device. A group of female volunteers (21-72 years) underwent anteroposterior lumbar spine L2-L4 (n = 72), proximal femur (n = 72), and total body (n = 62) measurements with the Prodigy and the iDXA scanners at the same visit.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Maternal Alcohol Biomarkers in Sera: A Register-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a well-known consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure. However, women tend to deny or underreport their alcohol use during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to explore the usability of various alcohol biomarkers for FAS screening in a data set without information on self-reported alcohol use.

Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Risk of Schizophrenia Among Offspring in a National Birth Cohort.

Objective: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a major public health problem leading to adverse health outcomes and neurodevelopmental abnormalities among offspring. Its prevalence in the United States and Europe is 12%-25%. This study examined the relationship between prenatal nicotine exposure (cotinine level) in archived maternal sera and schizophrenia in offspring from a national birth cohort.

Physical health comorbidities in women with personality disorder: Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Background: Associations between common psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders and physical health comorbidities are frequently investigated. The complex relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and physical health is less understood, and findings to date are varied. This study aims to investigate associations between PDs with a number of prevalent physical health conditions.

The C9ORF72 expansion sizes in patients with psychosis: a population-based study on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) have many psychotic symptoms, especially at the onset of the disease. The C9ORF72 expansion is the most common genetic etiology observed with bvFTD and the prevalence of the expansion is notably high among Finnish bvFTD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the C9ORF72 expansion among the clearly characterized patients with psychosis, mainly schizophrenia, in early midlife.

Bone loss and wrist fractures after withdrawal of hormone therapy: The 15-year follow-up of the OSTPRE cohort.

Context: Long-term bone mineral density (BMD) or fracture incidence changes after withdrawal of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) are not well known.

Objective: To study long-term postmenopausal bone loss and incidence of wrist fracture in respect to duration and withdrawal of self-reported HT.

Design/setting: A 15-year follow-up of the population-based prospective OSTPRE cohort in Kuopio, Finland.

Association of adipokines and estradiol with bone and carotid calcifications in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: Carotid artery calcifications (CAC) and high carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) by unknown mechanisms in postmenopausal women. Leptin, adiponectin and estradiol may mediate these associations. Our aim was to study the relationships of the aforementioned factors to bone health (BMD) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAC and cIMT).

Life Satisfaction and Morbidity among Postmenopausal Women.

Objective: To investigate associations between morbidity and global life satisfaction in postmenopausal women taking into account type and number of diseases.

Materials And Methods: A total of 11,084 women (age range 57-66 years) from a population-based cohort of Finnish women (OSTPRE Study) responded to a postal enquiry in 1999. Life satisfaction was measured with a 4-item scale.

The relationship of severe health disorders with bone loss, grip strength, and mobility in postmenopausal women - a 15-year follow-up study.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships of severe health disorders (SHD) with bone loss, grip strength (GS) and mobility in postmenopausal women.

Method: The study sample consisted of 2227 Finnish women (mean age 53.2) from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) cohort.

Changes in alcohol use in relation to sociodemographic factors in early midlife.

Objective: To describe changes in alcohol use in relation to employment, education and relationship statuses in a general population sample in early midlife using prospective birth cohort data.

Materials And Methods: In the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N=5621) alcohol use was studied in participants at two time points: ages 31 and 46. The total mean consumption was calculated and participants were classified into steady drinkers, increasers and reducers based on the change in consumption between the ages of 31 and 46.