Enhancing cell-mediated immunity through dendritic cell activation: the role of Tri-GalNAc-modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles encapsulating SR717.

Introduction: Vaccines against intracellular pathogens like require the induction of effective cell-mediated immunity. Adjuvants primarily enhance antigen-induced adaptive immunity by promoting the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs).This study is to develop an adjuvant targeted to dendritic cells (DCs), one of the main APCs, so as to assist in inducing a long-term cellular immune response to protein antigens.

U-shaped relationship between serum uric acid and gastric cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 475659 cancer-free participants from the UK Biobank. All subjects were grouped into quartiles, and we used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the association between SUA levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and explore the potential sex-specific relationship.

The impact of ferroptosis and ferroptosis-related non-coding RNAs on breast cancer progression.

Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, is primarily characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in oncology, garnering significant attention. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), serve as crucial regulators in numerous biological processes, particularly in cancer initiation and progression.

Visible-Light-Induced [4 + 3]-Annulation of Carbonyl Ylides with Alkenyl Pyrazolinone for Constructing [4.2.1]-Oxo-Bridged Oxocine Skeleton.

Herein, we present a visible-light-induced protocol for the synthesis of highly functionalized oxo-bridged oxocine skeletons. This method generates carbenes via visible-light-induced ortho-acyl diazo compounds, which are rapidly intercepted by the oxygen atom of an intermolecular acyl group to form a cyclic 1,3-dipole. The in situ generated highly reactive 1,3-dipole undergoes a facile formal [4 + 3] cycloaddition with alkenyl pyrazolinone, yielding [4.

De novo assembly of the mitochondrial genome of Glycyrrhiza glabra and identification of two types of homologous recombination configurations caused by repeat sequences.

Background: Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is widely used in medicine and therapy, is known as the 'king of traditional Chinese medicine'. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of G. glabra via high-throughput sequencing technology, combining the advantages of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore) sequencing.

Screened of long non-coding RNA related to wool development and fineness in Gansu alpine fine-wool sheep.

Wool growth and fineness regulation is influenced by some factors such as genetics and environment. At the same time, lncRNA participates in numerous biological processes in animal production. In this research, we conducted a thorough analysis and characterization of the microstructure of wool, along with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), their target genes, associated pathways, and Gene Ontology terms pertinent to the wool fineness development.

Differences analysis between spinal tuberculosis and brucella spondylitis with preoperative non-invasive differential diagnosis.

Objective: Spinal tuberculosis (STB) and Brucella spondylitis (BS) represent two types of granulomatous infections affecting the spine, which exhibit significant similarities that often result in misdiagnosis and overlooked diagnoses during preoperative evaluations. This study aims to identify non-invasive evaluative indicators that facilitate the differentiation between STB and BS.

Methods: This study conducted a retrospective collection of clinical features, laboratory tests, and imaging characteristics from 89 patients diagnosed with STB and 66 patients diagnosed with BS.

Experimental study on steady-state operation of organic Rankine cycle system under different operating conditions.

In this study, the effects of six operating conditions on the performance of a 3 kW- ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system were investigated. The results of experiments show that, despite differences in the physical parameters of the three working fluids used, the performance of the ORC system was similar. Further, the cooling water temperature (CWT) was strictly controlled, but the experimental results were affected by the condensation temperature, however the experimental system can maintain stable operation.

6-hydroxygenistein attenuates hypoxia-induced injury via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in PC12 cells.

4',5,6,7-tetrahydoxyisoflavone (6-hydroxygenistein, 6-OHG) is a hydroxylated derivative of genistein with excellent antioxidant activity, but whether 6-OHG can protect hypoxia-induced damage is unclear. The objective of current study was to evaluate the protective effect and underling mechanism of 6-OHG against hypoxia-induced injury via network pharmacology and cellular experiments. 6-OHG-related and hypoxia injury-related targets were screened by public databases.

Microbial changing patterns across lateral and vertical horizons in recently formed permafrost after the outburst of Zonag Lake, Tibetan Plateau.

In polar and alpine regions, global warming and landform changes are draining lakes, transforming them into permafrost with altered microbial communities and element cycling. In this study, we investigated bacterial and archaeal (prokaryotic) community changes in the newly exposed sediment of Zonag Lake (Tibetan Plateau), focusing on prokaryotic diversity, community structure, and genes involved in carbon fixation and nitrogen cycling across lateral (up to 800 m) and vertical (up to 80 cm) horizons. The results showed that prokaryotic richness decreased across the lateral horizons, coinciding with reductions in carbon concentrations.

Peripheral inflammation enhances opioid-induced gastrointestinal motility inhibition via up-regulating spinal mu opioid receptor.

Opioids are potent analgesics in clinical pain management but exert variable analgesia in different pain types. Opioid-induced constipation is a common side effect of opioid therapy, and whether opioids induce different gastrointestinal motility inhibitions in different pain types is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effects and inhibition of upper gastrointestinal transit and colonic bead expulsion of morphine, DAMGO, and Deltorphin in mouse CFA chronic inflammatory pain, SNI chronic neuropathic pain, and carrageenan chronic inflammatory pain models.

The P-type ATPase gene AHA5 is involved in proanthocyanidins accumulation in Medicago truncatula.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the second most abundant plant phenolic natural products. The proton membrane H-ATPase (AHA) is required for PA transportation in vacuoles, but it remains unclear which AHA gene(s) encode tonoplast proton pump in M. truncatula.

The significant role of vegetation activity in regulating wetland methane emission in China.

Accurate quantifying of methane (CH) emissions is a critical aspect of current research on regional carbon budgets. However, due to limitations in observational data, research methodologies, and an incomplete understanding of process mechanisms, significant uncertainties persist in the assessment of wetland CH fluxes in China. In this study, we developed a machine learning model by integrating measured CH fluxes with related environmental data to produce a high-resolution (1 km) dataset of CH fluxes from China's wetlands for the period 2000-2020.

Agent-based simulation of trust networks and opportunistic behaviours of hydraulic infrastructure project participants.

Opportunistic behaviour has become a research hotspot in hydraulic infrastructure project management owing to its serious damage to the cooperation efficiency of all participants in a project. The trust networks formed by each participant can restrain opportunistic behaviour, but due to the dynamic evolution of the networks, its research should adopt a dynamic paradigm. The structure and evolution of trust networks can be simulated using computer simulations and modelling.

Soil bacterial and fungal diversity and composition respond differently to desertified system restoration.

Desertification is a major ecological issue worldwide that results in the destruction of terrestrial ecosystems. Restoration of desertified ecosystems has been carried out in recent decades, but the role of soil microorganisms in this process is poorly understood. Thus, to deconstruct the effects of desertified system restoration on soil microbial communities, we examined the changes in soil characteristics as well as the variations in and drivers of soil microbial diversity and community composition of the Hulun Buir Sandy Land in Northeast China, where restoration activities have been performed for approximately 30 years.

Associations of phthalate and phthalate alternative metabolites in urine with the risk of gallstones in adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

It remains unclear whether phthalates are associated with gallstones and whether the associations of phthalate alternatives with gallstones are different from traditional phthalates. In this study, 1735 participants from the NHANES 2017-2018 were included and their urine was used to detect phthalate metabolites. We used logistic and restricted cubic spline regressions to assess individual associations and dose-response relationships between phthalate metabolites and gallstones, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression to assess mixed associations of phthalate metabolites with gallstones, and subgroup analyses to explore potential effect modifiers.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing and genome-wide Mendelian randomisation along with abundant machine learning methods identify a novel B cells signature in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis, considerable cellular heterogeneity, and ranks fifth among malignant tumours. Understanding the tumour microenvironment (TME) and intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) may lead to the development of novel GC treatments.

Methods: The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where diverse immune cells were isolated and re-annotated based on cell markers established in the original study to ascertain their individual characteristics.

Genetic dissection of a major locus SC9.1 conferring seed color in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum).

A major locus SC9.1 was identified and finely mapped into a 92.68 Kb region, and longmi004412 was identified as the casual gene regulating brown seed color in broomcorn millet.

Mercury(II)-Triggered Targeted and NIR-II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging Probe for High-Sensitivity Early Diagnosis and Evaluating Drug against Acute Liver and Kidney Injury.

Mercury ions (Hg) have been found to disrupt the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to oxidative stress and physiological dysfunction. Early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of Hg fluctuations in organ damage are crucial but limited due to the lack of noninvasive and deep tissue imaging probes. Herein, a Hg-triggered targeted and NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode molecular probe (NHG-2) was developed for real-time monitoring Hg fluctuations in Hg-induced acute liver and kidney injury mice.

Impact of cerium doping on the peroxidase-like activity of metal-organic frameworks.

Hydrogen peroxide, phenols, amines, aldehydes, and other substances can easily damage intracellular biomacromolecules. Although natural peroxidases can convert these harmful substances into benign ones, the high costs, poor stabilities, and stringent application conditions associated with these enzymes necessitate the exploration of artificial mimics. In this study, Ce-doped MIL-101(Fe)-NH and MIL-101(Fe)-NO were synthesized with varying compositions a solvothermal method.

A smart cascade theranostic prodrug system activated by hydrogen peroxide for podophyllotoxin delivery.

The construction of selectively activated prodrugs serves as a crucial strategy for reducing the adverse effects associated with disease treatment. Cascade self-assembled visual prodrugs have been applied to the construction of selective activated prodrugs with low background interference and fluorescence. In this work, we rationally designed an anticancer theranostic prodrug (CM-PPT) consisting of an anticancer drug podophyllotoxin, a fluorescent dye precursor, and an HO trigger boronate ester group, which could be activated by HO oxidation, thereby releasing active anticancer molecules and forming fluorescent fragments concurrently.

Advancements in nanoparticle-based vaccine development against Japanese encephalitis virus: a systematic review.

Vaccination remains the sole effective strategy for combating Japanese encephalitis (JE). Both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines exhibit robust immunogenicity. However, the production of these conventional vaccine modalities necessitates extensive cultivation of the pathogen, incurring substantial costs and presenting significant biosafety risks.

The relationship between thigh circumference and sarcopenia in Chinese community-dwelling elderly aged ≥60 years.

Background: There has been a growing body of research demonstrating that thigh circumference is closely associated with the development of various chronic disease. However, limited evidence has been obtained regarding the relationship between thigh circumference and sarcopenia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thigh circumference and sarcopenia, and explore the potential role of thigh circumference for sarcopenia screening among community-dwelling older adults.