The Role of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices in the Detection and Treatment of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: A Review.

Importance: Subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk for stroke.

Observations: Subclinical AF is asymptomatic, short in duration, and usually detected with long-term, continuous monitoring. Most prior studies have explored its consequences using cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).

The transient increase of tight junction permeability induced by bryostatin 1 correlates with rapid downregulation of protein kinase C-alpha.

The role of PKC-alpha in altered epithelial barrier permeability following the activation of PKC by TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate) and bryostatin 1 in LLC-PK1 cells was investigated in this study. Like TPA, bryostatin 1 binds to and activates PKC but unlike TPA, it is not a tumor promoter. TPA at 10(-7) M induced a sustained 95% decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (R(t)) across LLC-PK1 epithelial cell sheets, while 10(-7) M bryostatin 1 caused only a 30% decrease in R(t), which spontaneously reversed after 5 h.