Inhaled analgesics for the treatment of prehospital acute pain-A systematic review.

Background: Many prehospital emergency patients receive suboptimal treatment for their moderate to severe pain. Various factors may contribute. We aim to systematically review literature pertaining to prehospital emergency adult patients with acute pain and the pain-reducing effects, adverse events (AEs), and safety issues associated with inhaled analgetic agents compared with other prehospital analgesic agents.

Male-female spatio-temporal differences of age-related bone changes show faster bone deterioration in older women at femoral regions associated with incident hip fracture.

A better understanding of how age-related bone loss affects the fracture-prone regions of the proximal femur could lead to more informed fracture-prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of bone deterioration in older men and women with aging. A subset of 305 men (74.

Editor's Choice - Outcomes Following Intact and Ruptured Aneurysm Repair across Nations: Analysis of International Registry Data from the VASCUNET Collaboration 2014 - 2019.

Objective: To determine the peri-operative mortality rate for intact and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in 10 countries and to compare practice and outcomes over a six year period by age, sex, and geographic location.

Methods: This VASCUNET study used prospectively collected data from vascular registries in 10 countries on primary repair of intact and ruptured AAAs undertaken between January 2014 and December 2019. The primary outcome was peri-operative death (30 day or in hospital).

Editor's Choice - Sex Related Differences in Indication and Procedural Outcomes of Carotid interventions in VASCUNET.

Objective: It has been suggested that peri-operative complications after carotid surgery may be higher in women than in men. This assumption may affect the treatment patterns, and it is thus possible that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is provided to women less often. The aim of the current VASCUNET study was to determine sex related differences in operative risk in routine clinical practice among non-selected patients undergoing carotid revascularisation.

Do associations with hand OA vary by knee osteoarthritis phenotype? Cross-sectional data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is highly heterogeneous and has both biomechanical and systemic components that may not have the same etiology. We therefore aimed to identify specific knee OA phenotypes that may be more strongly associated with hand OA to refine the criteria used to define multi-joint OA.

Design: We assessed data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST).

Opioids for Treatment of Pre-hospital Acute Pain: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Acute pain is a frequent symptom among patients in the pre-hospital setting, and opioids are the most widely used class of drugs for the relief of pain in these patients. However, the evidence base for opioid use in this setting appears to be weak. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics in the pre-hospital setting and to assess potential alternative therapies.

Antibiotic oral provocation challenge in children.

Aim: The main objective of this study was to see how many of the children, with a suspected antibiotic allergy, developed an allergic or adverse reaction to a drug provocation test.

Methods: Data on children that had undergone a drug provocation test for a suspected antibiotic allergy were compiled retrospectively for the period from 2007-2018. The median age at the first provocation was 2.

Accelerated decline in quadriceps area and Timed Up and Go test performance are associated with hip fracture risk in older adults with impaired kidney function.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether an accelerated decline in quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA), attenuation (a surrogate of quality), and strength, as well as lower limb muscular function, are associated with hip fractures in older adults with impaired kidney function.

Design: Prospective population-based study.

Setting: Community-dwelling old population in Reykjavik, Iceland.

Computed tomography-based skeletal muscle and adipose tissue attenuation: Variations by age, sex, and muscle.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how skeletal muscle attenuation and adipose tissue (AT) attenuation of the quadriceps, hamstrings, paraspinal muscle groups and the psoas muscle vary according to the targeted muscles, sex, and age.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting: Community-dwelling old population in Reykjavik, Iceland.

Ketamine for the treatment of prehospital acute pain: a systematic review of benefit and harm.

Background: Few publications have addressed prehospital use of ketamine in analgesic doses. We aimed to assess the effect and safety profile of ketamine compared with other analgesic drugs (or no drug) in adult prehospital patients with acute pain.

Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials assessing prehospital administration of ketamine in analgesic doses compared with other analgesic drugs or no analgesic treatment in adults.

Indexing haemodynamic variables in young children.

Background: Haemodynamic studies in children are rare and most studies have included few subjects in the youngest age group. Haemodynamic variables need to be indexed to establish a reference of normality that is valid in all populations. The traditional way to index haemodynamic variables with body surface area (BSA) is complicated in young children due to its non-linear relationship with body weight (BW).

Contemporary Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms in 14 Countries: A Vascunet Report.

Objective: Popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is the second most common arterial aneurysm. Vascunet is an international collaboration of vascular registries. The aim was to study treatment and outcomes.

Femoral nerve blocks for the treatment of acute pre-hospital pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Pain management is one of the most important interventions in the emergency medical services. The femoral nerve block (FNB) is, among other things, indicated for pre- and post-operative pain management for patients with femoral fractures but its role in the pre-hospital setting has not been determined. The aim of this review was to assess the effect and safety of the FNB in comparison to other forms of analgesia (or no treatment) for managing acute lower extremity pain in adult patients in the pre-hospital setting.

Quantitative 3D imaging parameters improve prediction of hip osteoarthritis outcome.

Osteoarthritis is an increasingly important health problem for which the main treatment remains joint replacement. Therapy developments have been hampered by a lack of biomarkers that can reliably predict disease, while 2D radiographs interpreted by human observers are still the gold standard for clinical trial imaging assessment. We propose a 3D approach using computed tomography-a fast, readily available clinical technique-that can be applied in the assessment of osteoarthritis using a new quantitative 3D analysis technique called joint space mapping (JSM).

Larger head circumference in Icelandic children 0-4 years of age compared to the World Health Organization and Swedish growth charts.

Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) published universal growth standards for children below five year of age in 2006. Traditionally, Swedish growth references have been used to monitor growth of children in Iceland, but it is not yet known how they compare with these reference charts.

Methods: A total of 2128 longitudinal measurements of length or height, 2132 of weight and 2126 of head circumference between birth and four years of age were collected in 1996-2000 from 199 healthy children (53% boys) recruited at Landspitali University Hospital.

Indirect Calorimetry Overestimates Oxygen Consumption in Young Children: Caution is Advised Using Direct Fick Method as a Reference Method in Cardiac Output Comparison Studies.

Direct Fick method is considered a standard reference method for estimation of cardiac output. It relies on indirect calorimetry to measure oxygen consumption. This is important as only a minor measurement error in oxygen consumption can result in false estimation of cardiac output.

Longitudinal validity of using digital hand photographs for assessing hand osteoarthritis progression over 7 years in community-dwelling older adults with hand pain.

Background: To determine the longitudinal construct validity of assessing hand OA progression on digital photographs over 7 years compared with progression determined from radiographs, clinical features and change in symptoms.

Methods: Participants were community-dwelling older adults (≥50 years) in North Staffordshire, UK. Standardized digital hand photographs were taken at baseline and 7 years, and hand joints graded for OA severity using an established photographic atlas.

Target genes, variants, tissues and transcriptional pathways influencing human serum urate levels.

Elevated serum urate levels cause gout and correlate with cardiometabolic diseases via poorly understood mechanisms. We performed a trans-ancestry genome-wide association study of serum urate in 457,690 individuals, identifying 183 loci (147 previously unknown) that improve the prediction of gout in an independent cohort of 334,880 individuals. Serum urate showed significant genetic correlations with many cardiometabolic traits, with genetic causality analyses supporting a substantial role for pleiotropy.

Hyperuricemia is associated with intermittent hand joint pain in a cross sectional study of elderly females: The AGES-Reykjavik Study.

Background: The debate whether "asymptomatic hyperuricemia" should be treated is still ongoing. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze whether hyperuricema in the elderly is associated with joint pain.

Methods And Findings: Participants in the population-based AGES-Reykjavik Study (males 2195, females 2975, mean age 76(6)) answered standardized questions about joint pain.

Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Lower Quadriceps Cross-sectional Area and Attenuation in Older Adults.

Introduction: In addition to well-established links with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cigarette smoking may affect skeletal muscle; however, associations with quadriceps atrophy, density, and function are unknown. This study explored the associations of current and former smoking with quadriceps muscle area and attenuation as well as muscle force (assessed as knee extension peak torque) and rate of torque development-a measure of muscle power in older adults.

Methods: Data from 4469 older adults, aged 66-95 years at baseline in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study with measurements of thigh computed tomography, isometric knee extension testing, self-reported smoking history, and potential covariates were analyzed.

Hand and knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced diameters in retinal vessels: the AGES-Reykjavik study.

To investigate the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and microvascular pathology, we examined the relationship between retinal microvascular caliber and osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in an elderly population. The AGES-Reykjavik is a population-based, multidisciplinary longitudinal cohort study of aging. Retinal vessel caliber, hand osteoarthritis and total knee joint replacements due to OA were examined in 4757 individuals (mean age 76 ± 5 years; 57% female).

Hearing Status in Survivors of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Chemotherapy Only: A NOPHO-AML Study.

Background: As more children survive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) it is increasingly important to assess possible late effects of the intensive treatment. Hearing loss has only sporadically been reported in survivors of childhood AML. We assessed hearing status in survivors of childhood AML treated with chemotherapy alone according to 3 consecutive NOPHO-AML trials.