Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis due to Drugs With a Special Emphasis on Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC), is one of the phenotypes of DILI first described in the 1980s. Check point inhibitors (CPIs) are currently the most frequent cause of SCC.

Aims: To describe the epidemiology, clinical and biochemical features at presentation, differential diagnoses, pathophysiology, imaging, histological characteristics and management associated with SSC.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance with multiple paraproteins: A population-based screening study.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the precursor of multiple myeloma (MM) and related disorders. MGUS is characterized by asymptomatic paraproteinemia. In some cases, multiple paraproteins can be identified but the clinical implications of this phenomenon are poorly understood.

Hepatotoxicity of Antibiotics and Antifungals and Their Safe Use in Hepatic Impairment.

drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare and unpredictable form of hepatotoxicity. While its clinical course is usually benign, cases leading to liver transplantation or death can occur. Based on modern prospective registries, antimicrobials including antibiotics and antifungals are frequently implicated as common causes.

Study design for development of novel safety biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury by the translational safety biomarker pipeline (TransBioLine) consortium: a study protocol for a nested case-control study.

A lack of biomarkers that detect drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accurately continues to hinder early- and late-stage drug development and remains a challenge in clinical practice. The Innovative Medicines Initiative's TransBioLine consortium comprising academic and industry partners is developing a prospective repository of deeply phenotyped cases and controls with biological samples during liver injury progression to facilitate biomarker discovery, evaluation, validation and qualification.In a nested case-control design, patients who meet one of these criteria, alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥ 5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN), alkaline phosphatase ≥ 2 × ULN or ALT ≥ 3 ULN with total bilirubin > 2 × ULN, are enrolled.

Inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Results from the RHINE study.

Background: Asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are common inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of IBD with asthma and respiratory symptoms.

Methods: This study is based on 13,499 participants from seven northern European countries that filled in a postal questionnaire on asthma, respiratory symptoms, IBD including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and various lifestyle variables.

Association between abdominal and general obesity and respiratory symptoms, asthma and COPD. Results from the RHINE study.

Introduction: Previous studies on the association between abdominal and general obesity and respiratory disease have provided conflicting results.

Aims And Objectives: We aimed to explore the associations of abdominal obesity with respiratory symptoms, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease independently from general obesity in women and men.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) III questionnaire (n = 12 290) conducted in 2010-2012.

Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic profiling identifies candidate serum biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury in humans.

Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and its distinction from other liver diseases are significant challenges in drug development and clinical practice. Here, we identify, confirm, and replicate the biomarker performance characteristics of candidate proteins in patients with DILI at onset (DO; n = 133) and follow-up (n = 120), acute non-DILI at onset (NDO; n = 63) and follow-up (n = 42), and healthy volunteers (HV; n = 104). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase, argininosuccinate synthase, carbamoylphosphate synthase, fumarylacetoacetase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) across cohorts achieved near complete separation (range: 0.

Use of Fish Skin Graft in Management of Combat Injuries Following Military Drone Assaults in Field-Like Hospital Conditions.

Introduction: The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war was an armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over an ethnically and historically significant region. This manuscript is a report on the forward deployment of acellular fish skin graft (FSG) from Kerecis™, a biologic, acellular matrix derived from the skin of wild-caught Atlantic cod that contains intact epidermis and dermis layers. The usual intention of treatment under adverse circumstances is to temporize wounds until better treatment can be attained, although ideally, rapid coverage and treatment are necessary to prevent long-term complications and loss of life and limb.

Use of Elamipretide in patients assigned treatment in the compassionate use program: Case series in pediatric patients with rare orphan diseases.

Several mitochondrial diseases are caused by pathogenic variants that impair membrane phospholipid remodeling, with no FDA-approved therapies. Elamipretide targets the inner mitochondrial membrane where it binds to cardiolipin, resulting in improved membrane stability, cellular respiration, and ATP production. In clinical trials, elamipretide produced clinical and functional improvements in adults and adolescents with mitochondrial disorders, such as primary mitochondrial myopathy and Barth syndrome; however, experience in younger patients is limited and to our knowledge, these are the first case reports on the safety and efficacy of elamipretide treatment in children under 12 years of age.

Clinical Remission of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis - in a Longitudinal Population Study.

Background: Although asthma and allergic rhinitis are chronic diseases, some patients experience periods of remission. Information on prognostic factors associated with the remission of asthma and allergic rhinitis is valuable in resource prioritization. This study investigated factors associated with the clinical remission of asthma and allergic rhinitis.

Heterogeneity in the use of biologics for severe asthma in Europe: a SHARP ERS study.

Introduction: Treatment with biologics for severe asthma is informed by international and national guidelines and defined by national regulating bodies, but how these drugs are used in real-life is unknown.

Materials And Methods: The European Respiratory Society (ERS) SHARP Clinical Research Collaboration conducted a three-step survey collecting information on asthma biologics use in Europe. Five geographically distant countries defined the survey questions, focusing on seven end-points: biologics availability and financial issues, prescription and administration modalities, inclusion criteria, continuation criteria, switching biologics, combining biologics and evaluation of corticosteroid toxicity.

A new framework for advancing in drug-induced liver injury research. The Prospective European DILI Registry.

Background & Aims: No multi-national prospective study of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has originated in Europe. The design of a prospective European DILI registry, clinical features and short-term outcomes of the cases and controls is reported.

Methods: Patients with suspected DILI were prospectively enrolled in the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal and Iceland, 2016-2021.

Cohort profile: the multigeneration Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) cohort.

Purpose: The Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) cohort was established to (1) investigate how exposures before conception and in previous generations influence health and disease, particularly allergies and respiratory health, (2) identify susceptible time windows and (3) explore underlying mechanisms. The ultimate aim is to facilitate efficient intervention strategies targeting multiple generations.

Participants: RHINESSA includes study participants of multiple generations from ten study centres in Norway (1), Denmark (1), Sweden (3), Iceland (1), Estonia (1), Spain (2) and Australia (1).

Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts.

Objective: To investigate markers of premature menopause (<40 years) and specifically the prevalence of autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in European women.

Design: Postmenopausal women were categorized according to age at menopause and self-reported reason for menopause in a cross-sectional analysis of 6870 women.

Methods: Variables associated with the timing of menopause and hormone measurements of 17β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

[Is Icelanders' sleep duration getting shorter? Review on sleep duration and sleeping habits].

Sleep health promotion is an ever-increasing subject of public discourse in Iceland. Prominent claims made include that the duration of sleep among Icelanders is shortening, and that changing sleeping habits constitute a significant public health risk. Like many aspects of healthcare, commercial interests and sales hype can skew perception.

Role of Corticosteroids in Drug-Induced Liver Injury. A Systematic Review.

Apart from cessation of the implicated agent leading to drug-induced liver injury (DILI), there is no standard therapy for DILI. Corticosteroids have been used in DILI, although their efficacy is unclear. Published data showed either beneficial effects or no improvement associated with steroid therapy.

Odds of fussy eating are greater among children with obesity and anxiety.

Background: Fussy eating has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression. Despite these disorders being prevalent in obesity treatment, no studies have been published on the association of fussy eating in children with obesity and these disorders. Understanding fussy eating in children with obesity and comorbid disorders is important as acceptance of healthy foods tends to be low, especially in children with sensory sensitivities.

Long-term sequelae of drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has a very variable clinical and biochemical phenotype and differs widely in severity, from mild injury to life-threatening liver failure. Chronic injury has also been reported to occur at a variable frequency, ranging from 3.4% to 39%, 6-12 months after discontinuing the implicated agent.

Maternal preconception occupational exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants and offspring asthma.

Background: Emerging research suggests health effects in offspring after parental chemical exposures before conception. Many future mothers are exposed to potent chemicals at work, but potential offspring health effects are hardly investigated.

Objective: We sought to investigate childhood asthma in relation to mother's occupational exposure to cleaning products and disinfectants before conception.