Clinicopathological features and androgen receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer at Lagos, Nigeria.

Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the predominant nuclear hormone receptors in invasive breast cancer and can be explored as a biomarker of response for targeted anti-androgen therapy, especially in the setting of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Luminal AR is a distinct subtype amongst TNBC cases following gene expression studies. TNBC is higher in Africans (23%-82%) and African-Americans (29.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric surgical volumes in Africa: A retrospective observational study.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact that COVID-19 had on the pattern and trend of surgical volumes, urgency and reason for surgery during the first 6 months of the pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: This retrospective facility-based study involved collection of paediatric operation data from operating theatre records across 5 hospitals from 3 countries: Zimbabwe, Zambia and Nigeria over the first half of 2019 and 2020 for comparison. Data concerning diagnosis, procedure, anaesthesia, grade, speciality, NCEPOD classification and indication was collected.

Management of Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: Defining the Relevance of Various Palliative Surgical Options in Resource-Challenged Settings: A Review Article.

Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) constitutes an important surgical problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presentation is usually delayed with a majority of patients benefitting only from palliative treatment. Surgeons practicing in developing countries face herculean task in managing MOJ due to lack of minimally invasive endoscopic procedures.

Prostate Cancer and Challenges in Management in a Semi-urban Centre: A 10-year Experience.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. The incidence in Nigeria is rising. Numerous challenges exist that prevent the successful management of these patients in this subregion.

Prevalence of Presbyopia, Near-spectacle Use and Near Vision Spectacle Coverage among Cosmetologists in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, near vision spectacle use, and near vision spectacle coverage among cosmetologists in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos State with the view of creating awareness, improving productivity and quality of life.

Materials And Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among 251 cosmetologists aged ≥ 30 years. All participants had a standardized protocol including visual acuity assessment (distance and near), anterior and posterior segment examinations, and refraction.

Contemporary Management of Intracranial Subdural Empyema: An Institutional Experience.

Background: Intracranial subdural empyema (SDE) is a seemingly uncommon life-threatening ailment with varying presentations and outcomes. A variety of risk factors have been associated with predisposition to intracranial SDEs; however, they may be cryptogenic. There is an increased predilection for intracranial SDE in children and teenagers with paranasal sinusitis or middle ear infections.

Determinants of Obstetricians' Pattern of Care for Sickle Cell Disease in Pregnancy.

Background: Pregnancy in sickle cell disease (SCD) is high risk. With improved comprehensive obstetric care, pregnant females with SCD can achieve successful pregnancy outcomes, especially in resource-poor settings.

Objectives: To determine the predictors of Obstetricians' pattern of care for SCD in pregnancy in Nigeria.

Estimation of radiological impact of the activities of Olusosun Dump Site on workers and dwellers of Olusosun, in Lagos Southwest Nigeria.

This study assessed the potential radiological risks associated with the activities on Olusosun dump site on workers and dwellers of Olusosun community. The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K from of soil and water samples were determined using High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The background radiation level of Olusosun dump site was measured using a portable Geiger-Müller counter-Radeye B20 survey meter.

APOE E4 is associated with impaired self-declared cognition but not disease risk or age of onset in Nigerians with Parkinson's disease.

The relationship between APOE polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease (PD) in black Africans has not been previously investigated. We evaluated the association between APOE polymorphic variability and self-declared cognition in 1100 Nigerians with PD and 1097 age-matched healthy controls. Cognition in PD was assessed using the single item cognition question (item 1.

Migraine and Current Pharmacologic Management.

In light of the multiple pharmacologic alternatives for migraine management, the adverse effects associated with different treatment regimens, and their varying efficacy, it is vital to undertake ongoing evaluations and seek a tailored therapeutic strategy. This case report describes two patients who presented with classic migraine headaches, with the first responding to both abortive and prophylactic migraine medications and the second, with status migrainosus-like presentation, responding to the newer antimigraine agents. We also examined current pharmacological therapeutic options and existing recommendations, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses.

Perceived feasibility and usefulness of mHealth interventions for psychoeducational support among Nigerian women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer: a focus group study.

Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) receiving chemotherapy have reported various side effects, which adversely affect their psychological state. Evidence suggests that psychoeducational interventions (PEIs) delivered through mobile phones might effectively provide psychoeducational support for this population. However, there is a lack of evidence on Nigerian women's perception of mobile health (mHealth) PEI, which prompted this study.

Vascular injuries: Aetiology, presentation and management outcomes at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Unlabelled: Vascular injuries lead to haemorrhagic shock and distal limb ischaemia, especially with an arterial injury. This life-threatening state mandates urgent evaluation and intervention to save life and limbs. The treatment aims to restore blood flow and replace lost blood within the golden hours, stabilising cardiovascular haemodynamics and averting irreversible ischaemic damage.

Predictors and causes of in-hospital maternal deaths within 120 h of admission at a tertiary hospital in South-Western, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: An efficient, comprehensive emergency obstetrics care (CEMOC) can considerably reduce the burden of maternal mortality (MM) in Nigeria. Information about the risk of maternal death within 120 h of admission can reflect the quality of CEMOC offered.

Aim: This study aims to determine the predictors and causes of maternal death within 120 h of admission at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, LUTH, Lagos South-Western, Nigeria.

Evaluation of the effect of nutritive versus non-nutritive pacifiers as adjuncts to local anaesthesia in male neonatal circumcision using the plastibell technique - A prospective randomised controlled study.

Background: Male circumcision is the most common surgical procedure worldwide and is often carried out for religious, cultural, medical and public health reasons. It is commonly performed during the neonatal period. Many studies have now shown that pain is a common intra- and post-operative complication.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic training and psychosocial well-being of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria.

Background: Most educational institutions in Nigeria were shut down for a long while at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic as a preventive measure, and this affected dental students' academic and clinical training.

Aim: To determine the influence of the pandemic on the academic, clinical training, and psychosocial well-being of dental students in Nigeria.

Subjects And Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate dental students in clinical years in Nigerian dental schools.

Realising the potential of schools to improve adolescent nutrition.

argue that school health programmes have the potential to mitigate a growing epidemic of malnutrition in children and adolescents

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome with atypical cardiovascular abnormalities.

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous variant in NOTCH2 gene. Characteristic features include osteolysis, distinct facial appearance, skull deformity, joint laxity, osteoporosis, and short stature. Associated abnormalities are congenital heart disease, congenital defects of the kidney, and neurological problems.

Distribution of Cancer and Cancer Screening and Treatment Services in Lagos: A 10-Year Review of Hospital Records.

Purpose: In Lagos State, Nigeria, the population distribution of cancers is poorly described because studies are conducted at a few tertiary hospitals. Therefore, this study aims to map all health facilities where cancer screening takes place and describe the cases of cancer screened for and treated.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey to identify facilities involved in screening and management of cancers was performed followed by extraction of data on individual cases of cancer screened for and treated at these facilities from 2011 to 2020.

The impact of dolutegravir-based combination antiretroviral therapy on the spermatozoa and fertility parameters of men living with human immunodeficiency virus.

The factors responsible for this reported fertility decline among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive men is yet to be determined. This study is aimed at investigating the impact of HIV or combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on sperm cells, reproductive hormones, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis, and sperm DNA fragmentation of men living with HIV. Twenty-one men living with HIV gave their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B, and C Viruses and HIV Infections among Antenatal Women in a Secondary Health Facility in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections contribute a significant proportion to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. While the burden of hepatitis B and C viruses is higher in low and middle-income countries, Nigeria also has the second largest burden of HIV.

Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections among antenatal women who sought care at a secondary health facility in Lagos.

Relationship between Glycaemic Control and Oral Immunologic Proteins.

Background: Attaining a good glycaemic control is usually the target for therapy in diabetic patients as this is expected to prevent both acute and chronic complications. Oral infections are however very common among diabetic patients despite the presence of many immunologic proteins in the saliva. This study was designed to determine the impact of glycaemic control on levels of these proteins in diabetic patients.

Reaching out to men in ending intimate partner violence: a qualitative study among male civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of male civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria about the perpetration of IPV and to document their suggested measures to prevent IPV in our communities in Nigeria.

Methods: Four focus group discussions were conducted among 36 male civil servants selected from Oyo State Secretariat, Ibadan using purposive sampling technique. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic approach.