A randomized stepped wedge trial of an intensive combination approach to roll back the HIV epidemic in Nigerian adolescents: iCARE Nigeria treatment support protocol.

Background: Nigeria is one of six countries with half the global burden of youth living with HIV. Interventions to date have been inadequate as AIDS-related deaths in Nigeria's youth have remained unchanged in recent years. The iCARE Nigeria HIV treatment support intervention, a combination of peer navigation and SMS text message medication reminders to promote viral suppression, demonstrated initial efficacy and feasibility in a pilot trial among youth living with HIV in Nigeria.

Clinical and Echocardiographic Correlates of Iron Status in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Background:  Chronic heart failure (HF) is one of the conditions commonly seen in the medical outpatient departments, and iron deficiency (ID) has been reported as the commonest nutritional deficiency in these patients. The presence of ID may interfere with the clinical parameters of chronic HF. The relationship between iron status and chronic HF needs more attention and should be given more consideration in the evaluation of patients with chronic HF.

A mural nodule of anaplastic carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation in a background of ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma.

Ovarian mucinous cystic tumours with mural nodules are rare tumours of the ovary that are often missed out during diagnosis. They are classified under the ovarian mucinous surface epithelial-stromal tumours. These mural nodules can be sarcoma-like (benign), anaplastic carcinoma, sarcomas, or mixed malignant (carcinosarcoma).

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Childhood: Evidence of a Malfunctioning Oncology Ecosystem: A Case Series from a Low Resource Setting.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) refers to malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. It is a rare tumor globally but seen in higher prevalence in certain populations associated with the endemicity of Epstein- Barr Virus. It is usually seen in clinical settings in developing countries in late stages majorly due to poor health-seeking behavior, healthcare costs, and misdiagnosis arising from its vague and ambiguous symptoms.

High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses.

Background: Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa.

Improvised intracranial pressure monitoring devices for traumatic brain injury management in a low-income environment: A single-centre randomised study demonstrating feasibility.

Background: The high cost and non-availability of standard ICP monitoring devices limit their use in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. This study aims to demonstrate the use of an improvised intraventricular ICP monitoring device as a feasible alternative.

Research Question: Are improvised ICP Monitoring devices feasible and effective in resource-constrained settings?

Materials And Methods: The study was a prospective single-institution investigation involving 54 adult patients that presented with severe TBI (GCS of 3-8) within 72 ​h of injury and required operative intervention.

Comprehensive review of diabetic ketoacidosis: an update.

The most frequent hyperglycemic emergency and the leading cause of death in people with diabetes mellitus is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is common in people with type 1 diabetes, while type 2 diabetes accounts for roughly one-third of occurrences. Although DKA mortality rates have generally decreased to low levels, they are still significant in many underdeveloped nations.

Assessing Iron Status in Chronic Heart Failure Patients by Using Serum Ferritin and Transferrin Saturation Levels: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Background and objective Chronic heart failure (HF) is a major medical condition worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic HF could be complicated by iron deficiency (ID), and in severe cases, ID anemia, leading to negative HF outcomes even in people on optimal HF treatments. ID has been reported to be the most common nutritional deficiency in chronic HF.

Status of Government-Funded Radiotherapy Services in Nigeria.

Purpose: Access to radiotherapy (RT) is now one of the stark examples of global cancer inequities. More than 800,000 new cancer cases require potentially curative or palliative RT services in Africa, arguably <15% of these patients currently have access to this important service. For a population of more than 206 million, Nigeria requires a minimum of 280 RT machines for the increasing number of cancer cases.

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among adults in a select population in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Anemia is a public health problem affecting people in both the developed and developing world and has serious consequences on health.

Objective: This study determines the prevalence of anemia amongst people of different socioeconomic levels, associated factors, and the prevalence of anemia in populations other than children or pregnant women.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect data from 387 residents.

Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life-A Narrative Review.

Background: Many potentially treatable non-congenital and non-traumatic surgical conditions can occur during the first 8000 days of life and an estimated 85% of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will develop one before 15 years old. This review summarizes the common routine surgical emergencies in children from LMICs and their effects on morbidity and mortality.

Methods: A narrative review was undertaken to assess the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of common surgical emergencies that present within the first 8000 days (or 21.

Pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus in NIGERIA: a multicentre descriptive hospital-based study.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with manifestations ranging from mild to life-threatening organ dysfunction. There is wide variability in the reported incidence and prevalence rate globally, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Nigeria had very few isolated reports of SLE from private and public hospitals Therefore, we conducted this large multi-center descriptive study to determine the sociodemographic, clinical profile, laboratory patterns, and treatment among Nigerian lupus patients.

Ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus and subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect in an African child with Neurofibromatosis 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disease caused by mutation of the neurofibromin (NF1) gene located on chromosome 17q11. We report a case of Neurofibromatosis 1 with ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus, and associated subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect, hitherto unreported in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, a literature review of congenital heart diseases associated with Neurofibromatosis 1 is presented.

Surgically Correctable Congenital Anomalies: Reducing Morbidity and Mortality in the First 8000 Days of Life.

Background: Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to review the common surgically correctable congenital anomalies with recent updates on the global disease burden and identify the factors affecting morbidity and mortality.

Method: A literature review was done to assess the burden of surgical congenital anomalies with emphasis on those that present within the first 8000 days of life.

Outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations in patients with sickle cell disease: A nationwide analysis.

Introduction: There is a paucity of data on the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States. We examined the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and SCD.

Methods: We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify the data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and SCD in 2020 using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision codes.

Marked variability in institutional deliveries and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the interventions to mitigate its spread impacted access to healthcare, including hospital births and newborn care. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on newborn service utilization in Nigeria.

Methods: The records of women who delivered in hospitals and babies admitted to neonatal wards were retrospectively reviewed before (March 2019-February 2020) and during (March 2020-February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in selected facilities in Nigeria.

Urinary Catheter Documentation in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: Are We Recording Enough?

Background: Urinary catheters are an important armamentarium of urologic practice. Several indications for their use exist. A good knowledge of the details surrounding every urinary catheter inserted is necessary for the proper management of the patients.

An evaluation of basic life support training among medical students in Southwest Nigeria: A web-based study.

Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) is considered a lifesaving measure and sound knowledge is expected among health professionals. Studies conducted among medical doctors and students in many developing countries show deficiencies in knowledge and practice of essential BLS skills. This study assessed the awareness, knowledge, perception, practice, accessibility and barriers to BLS training amongst medical students in South-Western Nigeria, exposing skill gaps and training challenges to inform appropriate solutions.

Clinical predictors of Covid-19 mortality in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The predictors of mortality among patients presenting with severe to critical disease in Nigeria are presently unknown.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 presenting for admission in a tertiary referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: The study was a retrospective study.