Decoding the Risks of Fecal Incontinence: A Comprehensive Analysis of Closed Internal Sphincterotomy in Chronic Anal Fissure.

Introduction An anal fissure is marked by a longitudinal tear in the mucosal lining of the lower anal canal, causing painful defecation and mild anal bleeding. The classical triad includes an anal ulcer, a sentinel tag, and a hypertrophic papilla. This study investigates the frequency of fecal incontinence in patients with anal fissure undergoing closed internal sphincterotomy, offering recent insights for treatment recommendations.

An Editorial on Revolutionizing Urinary Care in Pakistan by Embracing the United Kingdom National Health Service Approach to Catheterisation Documentation and Trial Without Catheter.

This editorial highlights the importance of catheterisation documentation and the practice of trials without catheters in improving patient outcomes in Pakistan. Acute urinary retention, a major urological emergency, needs short-term catheter placement, with a trial without a catheter used globally to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections. This procedure, often enhanced by alpha-1 blockers, enables patients to regain continence and promotes micturition post-catheterisation, particularly useful following surgeries such as prostatectomy.

Diosmin: A promising phytochemical for functional foods, nutraceuticals and cancer therapy.

Diosmin, a potent bioflavonoid derived from citrus fruits, has gained significant attention for its anticancer potential, reflecting a critical need in the ongoing battle against cancer. Amidst increasing cancer incidence, the quest for safer and more effective treatments has brought diosmin to the forefront, given its unique pharmacological profile distinct from other flavonoids. Diosmin's anticancer mechanisms are multifaceted, involving apoptosis induction, angiogenesis inhibition, and metastasis prevention.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Malaria Tests in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Malaria remains one of the most significant public health challenges, particularly in pediatric populations in developing countries. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been widely adopted due to their ease of use and quick results, but their diagnostic accuracy, compared to microscopy, the gold standard, remains a topic of interest. Early and accurate detection of malaria is crucial in reducing complications and mortality in children, who are especially vulnerable to delayed or inaccurate diagnoses.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Early Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Early preterm infants are susceptible to a serious disorder called intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which may cause severe neurological damage.

Objective: To determine the incidence of IVH in preterm infants at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, and to identify associated risk factors and potential preventive measures.

Methodology: This cross-sectional research examined the prevalence of IVH among early preterm infants and was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023.

Effectiveness of Oral Azithromycin in Treating Enteric Fever: A Hospital-Based Study on Pediatric Patients.

Introduction Enteric fever is prevalent in underdeveloped and developing countries. It is caused by Salmonella Typhi, which has developed resistance over the years to commonly used antimicrobials. Meropenem is an effective treatment for all complicated and uncomplicated extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, but it is administered intravenously, three times daily, by infusion, and it is quite expensive for the patient.

Potential nanomedicinal applications and physicochemical nature of Hyphaene thebaica-reduced nano-samaria.

Herein we described the biofabrication of samarium oxide nanoparticles (HT-SmO NPs) by applying the aqueous fruit extract of Hyphaene thebaica was utilized as an eco-friendly chelating agent. The prepared NPs were subjected to various physicochemical properties and potential in biomedical applications. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed sharp peaks that corroborated with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card no.

Clinico-genomic findings, molecular docking, and mutational spectrum in an understudied population with breast cancer patients from KP, Pakistan.

In this study, we report the mutational profiles, pathogenicity, and their association with different clinicopathologic and sociogenetic factors in patients with Pashtun ethnicity for the first time. A total of 19 FFPE blocks of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from the Breast Cancer (BC) tissue and 6 normal FFPE blocks were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Various somatic and germline mutations were identified in cancer-related genes, i.

Susceptibility of Leishmania to novel pentavalent organometallics: Investigating impact on DNA and membrane integrity in antimony(III)-sensitive and -resistant strains.

The aim the present study was to investigate the impact of novel pentavalent organobismuth and organoantimony complexes on membrane integrity and their interaction with DNA, activity against Sb(III)-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania strains and toxicity in mammalian peritoneal macrophages. PhM(L) type complexes were synthesized, where M = Sb(V) or Bi(V) and L = deprotonated 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid or 2-acetylbenzoic acid. Both organobismuth(V) and organoantimony(V) complexes exhibited efficacy at micromolar concentrations against Leishmania amazonensis and L.

Prevalence of crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Background: CCHFV is well recognized as a major public health threat and its prevalence and epidemiological distribution in Pakistan and specifically in KP province is not well documented.

Methods: We used a gold-standard PCR-based diagnostic assay for confirmation of CCHFV among suspected patients. A total of 150 patients were enrolled from June 2022 to September 2022 and their blood samples were collected for PCR confirmation.

Preliminary insights on the mutational spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Pakhtun ethnicity breast cancer patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.

Gene mutations are a source of genetic instability which fuels the progression of cancer. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are considered as major drivers in the progression of breast cancer and their detection indispensable for devising therapeutic and management approaches. The current study aims to identify novel pathogenic and recurrent mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Pakhtun population from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Mutational Landscape and In-Silico Analysis of , , and in Patients with Breast Cancer from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Herein, we report the mutational spectrum of three breast cancer candidate genes (, , and ) using WES for identifying potential biomarkers. The WES data were thoroughly analyzed using SAMtools for variant calling and identification of the mutations. Various bioinformatic tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, ISPRED-SEQ, SAAFEQ-SEQ, ConSurf, PROCHECK etc.

Phyto-fabrication of ultrafine nanoscale holmium oxide HT-HoO NPs and their biomedical potential.

In this study holmium oxide nanoparticles (HoO NPs) are fabricated using extracts as a bioreductant. The XRD pattern of HT-HoO NPs (product from phyto-reduction) suggested that the nanoparticles are crystalline with no impurities. Scherrer approximation revealed grain sizes of ∼10 nm.

Comparative analysis of the severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in untreated and glucantime-treated patients.

Millions of people worldwide are affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a disease that has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immune responses responsible for tissue damage or the process of lesion healing plays a pivotal role in shaping optimal treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated immunological phenotypes for three groups: glucantime treated (n = 30) and untreated (n = 30) CL patients infected with Leishmania tropica (L.

Valorization and Repurposing of Citrus limetta Fruit Waste for Fabrication of Multifunctional AgNPs and Their Diverse Nanomedicinal Applications.

Herein we propose an ecofriendly process for the biofabrication of AgNPs by applying fruit waste of Citrus limetta. The aqueous extracts from the peels of the fruit were used as green chelating and stabilizing agents. Structural, optical, vibrational, morphological, and magnetic properties were established using UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible spectroscopy), XRD (X-rays diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), ESR (electron spin resonance), and PPMS (physical property management system), while the thermal properties were established using TGA/DTG (thermal gravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry).

Physicochemical and nanomedicine applications of phyto-reduced erbium oxide (ErO) nanoparticles.

Hyphaene thebaica fruits were used for the fabrication of spherical erbium oxide nanoparticles (HT-ErO NP) using a one-step simple bioreduction process. XRD pattern revealed a highly crystalline and pure phase with crystallite size of ~ 7.5 nm, whereas, the W-H plot revealed crystallite size of 11 nm.

Awareness Among Educated and Uneducated Parents of Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients About Antenatal Screening.

Objective:  This study aims to determine the awareness among educated and uneducated parents of beta-thalassemia major patients about antenatal screening.

Setting: The study was conducted by the Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution (MTI), Peshawar. Duration of the study: This study was conducted for six months.

Multiparametric approach to assess the disease severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection.

The pathophysiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), an infection caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and Leishmania major (L. major) is primarily determined by inflammation-mediated immune cells.

Green Nano-Biotechnology: A New Sustainable Paradigm to Control Dengue Infection.

Dengue is a growing mosquito-borne viral disease prevalent in 128 countries, while 3.9 billion people are at high risk of acquiring the infection. With no specific treatment available, the only way to mitigate the risk of dengue infection is through controlling of vector, i.

Microbes-mediated synthesis strategies of metal nanoparticles and their potential role in cancer therapeutics.

Past few years have seen a paradigm shift towards ecofriendly, green and biological fabrication of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for diverse nanomedicinal applications especially in cancer nanotheranostics. Besides, the well-known green synthesis methods of plant materials, the potential of the microbial world (bacteria, fungi, alga, etc.) in biofabrication is equally realized.

Novel coumarin-isatin hybrids as potent antileishmanial agents: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluations.

Leishmaniasis being one of the six major tropical diseases that affects nearly 0.7-1.3 million people annually, has so far limited and high toxic therapeutic options.