Radiologic Evaluation of Uterovaginal Abnormalities in Girls with Congenital Pouch Colon.

Background/purpose: The radiologic investigations of 25 girls with congenital pouch colon (CPC), managed over 17 years, were retrospectively reviewed. In 13 girls who form the study group, the investigations provided information about the anomalous uterovaginal (UV) anatomy and these findings were studied.

Materials And Methods: Age at presentation was 2 months to 10 years.

A Pilot Study on Neonatal Surgical Mortality: A Multivariable Analysis of Predictors of Mortality in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Purpose: The aim of this research is to study the predictors of neonatal surgical mortality (NSM)-defined as in-hospital death or death within 30 days of neonatal surgery.

Materials And Methods: All neonates operated over the study period of 18 months were included to evaluate NSM. The evaluated preoperative and intraoperative variables were birth weight, gestation age, age at presentation, associated anomalies, site and duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and temperature after surgery.

Zoledronic Acid for Treatment of Low Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major.

To determine the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZA) in thalassemia major associated low bone mineral density. Prospective, open label, single arm trial. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar, hip and forearm region were performed at baseline and after 1 year of therapy.

Yield of meconium in non-vigorous neonates undergoing endotracheal suctioning and profile of all neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid: a prospective observational study.

Background: Delivery room management of infants born via meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is quite controversial. No study has tried to quantify the amount of meconium that can be aspirated from the trachea of a non-vigorous neonate born through MSAF.

Aims: To study the yield of meconium in non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF undergoing endotracheal (ET) suctioning.

Nuclear Imaging in Pediatric Kidney Diseases.

Renal scintigraphy is a useful tool in diagnosis and management of various nephro-urological conditions. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy (Tc-99m-DMSA), Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m-MAG3) or Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) dynamic renal scintigraphy, and Radionuclide micturating cystography are the common scans used in children with kidney diseases. These studies are minimally invasive, easily available, and offer both anatomic details and functional information required for thorough evaluation.

Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity.

Childhood obesity has been recognized as a global pandemic. Preventive strategies have proven to be the most effective public health intervention in curbing this pandemic. A multi-component approach involving dietary modification and advocacy for a healthy lifestyle comprising of regular physical activity, minimizing screen time and behavioral interventions have been found beneficial in preventing obesity.

Predictors of death in infants with probable serious bacterial infection.

BackgroundBacterial infections account for a significant proportion of neonatal and infant mortality globally. We aimed to identify predictors of death in infants with probable serious bacterial infection (PSBI) defined as signs/symptoms of possible serious bacterial infection along with baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥12 mg/l.MethodsWe did a secondary analysis using the data collected from 700 infants with PSBI who participated in a randomized controlled trial in India in which zinc or placebo was given in addition to the standard antibiotics.

Anorectal Agenesis with Rectovaginal Fistula: A Rare/Regional Variant.

Aims And Objectives: The anatomical types of female anorectal malformation (ARM) are complex and include several rare and regional variants. The aim of this report is to highlight the diagnosis and management of cases of anorectal agenesis with rectovaginal fistula (RVF).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of cases of RVF who underwent definitive surgery between November 2000 and September 2016 in a single institution.

Assessment of Nutritional Status of Patients of Congenital Pouch Colon Following Definitive Surgery.

Purpose: To assess the nutritional status in 31 patients of congenital pouch colon (CPC) who had undergone definitive surgery and closure of a protective stoma, if any, at least 1 year earlier and were below 14 years age.

Materials And Methods: The clinical history, demographic details, anthropometric measurements, and results of hematological and biochemical tests were recorded. In addition to collective data, analysis was also performed after grouping by age, subtype of CPC (Types I/II and Types III/IV CPC), and in Types I/II CPC patients, by whether the colonic pouch had been completely excised or else a segment preserved by tubular colorraphy (TC).

Role of nasogastric tube in children undergoing elective distal bowel surgery.

Background: Nasogastric tubes are being routinely used in children and adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery without much scientific evidence supporting their true usefulness. The aim of our study was to assess the role of nasogastric tube in children undergoing elective distal bowel surgery.

Materials And Methods: All pediatric patients undergoing elective distal bowel surgery were enrolled and randomized into two groups: those with nasogastric tube (NG group) or without nasogastric tube (NNG group).

Protocol-based management of 154 cases of pediatric liver abscess.

Aim: Although liver abscess (LA) is prevalent worldwide, especially in developing countries, there is a paucity of data regarding the protocol for management of LA in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of a protocol-based management of pediatric LA from a single institution.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary-care children's hospital and included all patients with LA managed over a 5-year period.

Determinants of gap length in esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and the impact of gap length on outcome.

Aim: This study was aimed at identifying factors which may affect the gap length in cases of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) and whether gap length plays any role in determining the outcome.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive cases of EA-TEF were included and different patient parameters were recorded. Plain radiographs with a nasogastric tube in the upper esophagus were taken.

Pediatric esophageal substitution by gastric pull-up and gastric tube.

Aim: The aim of this study was to report the results of pediatric esophageal substitution by gastric pull-up (GPU) and gastric tube (GT) from a tertiary care pediatric center.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of the surgical techniques, results, complications, and final outcome of all pediatric patients who underwent esophageal substitution in a single institution was performed.

Results: Twenty-four esophageal substitutions were performed over 15-year period.

HLA Profile of Celiac Disease among First-Degree Relatives from a Tertiary Care Center in North India.

Objective: To study the prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) in first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD children.

Methods: This observational study was performed in FDR (parents and siblings) of consecutive newly diagnosed cases of CD enrolled from January 2011 through March 2012. Screening for CD in FDR was done using IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) levels in serum and the seropositive subset underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and biopsy to confirm the disease.

Clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms in the changing paradigm of vivax malaria in India.

Background: Plasmodium vivax once considered benign is now being increasingly associated with complicated malaria where the spectrum of complications is vast and like Plasmodium falciparum. The clinical data is important with respect to the immunopathological status of the patient. Several genes like the vir genes and pvcrt-o are speculated to be attributing to the severity of P.

Emergence of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Indian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in the last two decades.

Genotyping the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) genes will help in identifying the genes under drug selection and the emergence of resistance in dhfr and dhps genes. India is an important hotspot for studying malaria due to the immense climatic diversity prevalent in the country. The central and eastern parts of the country are most vulnerable sites where malaria cases are reported throughout the year.

Congenital pouch colon in girls: Genitourinary abnormalities and their management.

Aims: To discuss the assessment and management of genitourinary (GU) tract abnormalities in 21 girls with Types I-III congenital pouch colon (CPC), studied over a period of 10 years.

Materials And Methods: Assessment included clinical and radiological assessment, examination under anesthesia (EUA), endoscopy of the lower GU tract, and evaluation of the surgical findings, operative procedures for the GU anomalies, and the results of management.

Results: Initial examination of the external genitalia showed a "clover-leaf" appearance (n = 6) and a single perineal opening (n = 6).

Experience and Outcome of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition Using Locally Prepared Therapeutic Diet.

Objective: Globally more than 1/3rd of the child deaths are attributed to under nutrition and it continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. This research paper is an attempt towards intervention and management of severely malnourished children with the use of locally prepared therapeutic diets to bring down the case fatality rate.

Methods: A cross-sectional longitudinal study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Yolk sac tumor of cryptorchid testis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Yolk sac tumor is the most common germ cell tumor in infants and children. Majority of them arise in the gonads. Yolk sac tumor of undescended testis has been rarely diagnosed.