Association of serum uric acid levels with glycated haemoglobin in diabetic patients and healthy controls.

Introduction: Uric acid is formed from purine degradation. Hyperuricemia has emerged as a risk factor for various metabolic diseases including Diabetes mellitus (DM). Uric acid may act as a glucometabolic indicator for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Topical Tacrolimus in Vitiligo: Consensus Paper from the Pigmentary Disorders Society.

Background: Tacrolimus, a topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) with immunomodulatory effects, is considered a viable treatment option for vitiligo. A consensus building exercise was undertaken to determine the role and clinical utility of topical tacrolimus in the management of vitiligo using input from experts in the field of dermatology.

Methods: Seventeen experts collaborated to create consensus statements using a modified Delphi methodology.

Sudden unexpected infant death, sudden unexplained death in childhood, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Sudden deaths in infants and children represent a profound and tragic event that continues to challenge researchers despite extensive investigation over several decades. The predominant phenotype, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has evolved into the broader category of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). In older children, a less understood phenomenon known as sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) has garnered attention.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis treated with a multipronged approach-a case based review.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an ANCA-associated vasculitis that involves small to medium-sized vessels. The extent of renal involvement varies, which is also associated with disease prognosis, with aggressive renal involvement having worse outcomes. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with severe inflammatory features and extensive crescent formation can be challenging to treat.

Wilms' Tumor - An Audit.

Background And Aims: Outcome analysis of patients with Wilms' tumors (WT) is presented.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 23 children having WT managed by a single surgeon over 3 years (2021-2024) using the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Umbrella protocol was done.

Results: The median age at presentation was 36 months; 32 months and 24 months for the unilateral WT (uWT) ( = 19) and bilateral WT (bWT) ( = 4), respectively.

Non-alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Is it a Dormant Volcano or Tip of an Iceberg?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a major cause of chronic liver disease, is known to affect a quarter of the global adults. Natural history of NAFLD shows interindividual variation, traditionally it progresses from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and finally yet rarely to hepatocellular carcinoma. It is largely a lifestyle-related disease and is often labeled as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome.

Navigating gastrointestinal endoscopy challenges in the intensive care unit: A mini review.

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may need bedside endoscopy for gastrointestinal (GI) emergencies. Conducting endoscopy in the ICU for critically ill patients needs special consideration. This mini review focuses on indications for bedside endoscopes, including GI bleeding, volvulus, and bowel obstruction.

Exploring Gonadal Functions in Patients With Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Correlative Analysis With Disease Severity.

Background and objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Both phenotypical and biochemical changes in gonadal hormones are observed across these stages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal abnormalities in patients with varying degrees of ALD and to assess their correlation with disease severity.

Addisonian Pigmentation - The Great Mimicker - A Review.

Skin colour usually depends upon melanin, haemoglobin, and carotenoids. Pigmentary disorders indicate an increased amount of melanin, leading to a darker colour of the skin, called hypermelanosis. Addison's disease is a rare endocrinal disorder with severe oral and systemic manifestations.

Role of Probiotic in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Randomised Controlled Non-blinded Trial from India.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a prevalent form of vaginitis, and most patients show improvement when treated with antifungal medications. However, recurrence may affect a minority. It has been found through previous research that the concomitant utilisation of probiotics during acute VVC leads to early relief of symptoms and signs and offers a preventive measure against recurrences.

Correlation of Anthropometry With Plasma Atherogenicity Indices in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, leading to complications in vital organs. Among these, dyslipidemia is common, presenting as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), high triglycerides (TG), Apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) predominance, collectively known as diabetic dyslipidemia. To assess the atherogenic risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) provide valuable insights beyond routine lipid tests.

Improving the accuracy of reporting Ki-67 IHC by using an AI tool.

Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) scoring is measured by estimating the proportion of the number of active cell nuclei in hotspot regions within immunohistochemical (IHC) stained slides. It provides valuable information about the rate of proliferation in a tumour. Manual scoring of Ki-67 PI is laborious, time-consuming and often the victim of interobserver variability between pathologists.

Cognitive Neurology Continuing Medical Education: History Taking and Bedside Mental Status Examination in a Patient with Dementia.

In a patient presenting with forgetfulness, history taking comprises asking questions pertaining to specific cognitive domains namely memory, language, executive function, visuospatial functions, and social cognition to characterize the clinical phenotype. The next step is to administer a standardized screening test for cognitive assessment, namely the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)/mini mental status examination (MMSE). These have been validated in five Indian languages.

Characterisation of islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indian children.

Aims: Islet antibody-negative type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been well characterised. We determined the frequency of antibody-negative T1DM and compared it with antibody-positive T1DM in a cohort of north Indian children.

Methods: In a multi-centre, prospective, observational study, 176 Indian children (age 1-18 years) were assessed within 2 weeks of diagnosis of T1DM.