Single-Cell Multi-Omics Profiling of Immune Cells Isolated from Atherosclerotic Plaques in Male ApoE Knockout Mice Exposed to Arsenic.

Background: Millions worldwide are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic that significantly increase their risk of developing atherosclerosis, a pathology primarily driven by immune cells. While the impact of arsenic on immune cell populations in atherosclerotic plaques has been broadly characterized, cellular heterogeneity is a substantial barrier to in-depth examinations of the cellular dynamics for varying immune cell populations.

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct single-cell multi-omics profiling of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout () mice to elucidate transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in immune cells induced by arsenic exposure.

Association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the association between sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) use and the risk of incident dementia compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) use among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database from the UK.

Establishing a standardized murine orthotopic intra-rectal model for the study of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Orthotopic models offer a more accurate representation of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to subcutaneous models. Despite promising results from the reported intra-rectal models, establishing a standardized method for CRC research remains challenging due to model variability, hindering comprehensive studies on CRC pathogenesis and treatment modalities, such as brachytherapy. This study aimed to establish a standardized workflow for an orthotopic intra-rectal animal model to induce the growth of colorectal adenocarcinoma in male and female mice.

Virtual primary care for people living with dementia in Canada: cross-sectional surveys of patients, care partners, and family physicians.

Background: Virtual care (VC) for dementia in primary care settings is an important aspect of healthcare delivery in Canada. However, the evidence informing optimal and sustainable provision of VC for persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their care partners is scarce. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the frequency of VC use, (2) identify characteristics of PLWD, care partners, and family physicians (FPs) that are associated with the use of VC, and (3) explore FPs' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to provide VC for PLWD and their care partners.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care for hypertension in the UK: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hypertension diagnosis and management in UK primary care.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Over 2000 general practices across the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Characterization of 53 Multiplexed Targeted Proteomics Assays for Verification Studies in Cancer Cell Lines.

The National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) was established to address the need for improved design, standardization, and validation of proteomics assays to enable better translation of biomarkers from the analytical lab to the clinic. Here, we applied CPTAC guidelines to characterize quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) assays in a new multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) proteomics panel. The panel of 50 proteins was developed in response to a previous study that identified a proteomic profile of altered translational control associated with response to a new cancer drug.

Patient Management Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a mainstay procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. PCI techniques have evolved considerably since the advent of PCI in 1978, and with this evolution in techniques has come changes in the best practices for patient management following PCI. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of key considerations in patient management following PCI.

Hippocampal reelin and GAD67 gene expression and methylation in the GFAP.HMOX1 mouse model of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder featuring enhanced brain oxidative stress and deficient reelin protein. GFAP.HMOX1 mice that overexpress heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in astrocytes manifest a schizophrenia-like neurochemical, neuropathological and behavioral phenotype including brain oxidative stress and reelin downregulation.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of single inhaler triple therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new user cohort study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of budesonide-glycopyrrolate-formoterol, a twice daily metered dose inhaler, and fluticasone-umeclidinium-vilanterol, a once daily dry powder inhaler, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated in routine clinical practice.

Design: New user cohort study.

Setting: Longitudinal commercial US claims data.

Psychosocial Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Social Participation is Associated With Cognitive Performance in Multiple Domains.

Psychosocial function is associated with cognitive performance cross-sectionally and cognitive decline over time. Using data from the COMPASS-ND study, we examined associations between psychosocial and cognitive function in 126 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, an at-risk group for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Psychosocial function was measured using questionnaires about mental health, social support, and social engagement.

Understanding Perceptions of Hepatitis C and Its Management Among People with Experience of Incarceration in Quebec, Canada: A Qualitative Study Guided by the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects certain sub-populations, including people with experience of incarceration (PWEI). Little is known about how perceptions of HCV and treatment have changed despite simplifications in testing and treatment in carceral settings. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with people living with or having a history of HCV infection released from Quebec provincial prison.

Factors influencing direct breastfeeding of preterm infants in neonatal wards and the provision of breastfeeding support: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review will be to synthesize the qualitative evidence on factors that influence direct breastfeeding of preterm infants in neonatal wards and the provision of breastfeeding support.

Introduction: Breastmilk is critical for the health of preterm neonates, and infants who directly feed at the breast are more likely to receive breastmilk exclusively for longer periods. Direct breastfeeding is associated with improved maternal coping and development of maternal identity.

Iron Regulatory Protein 2 (IRP2) Deficiency Is Protective Against Resistive Breathing-induced Pulmonary Inflammation.

Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), a post-transcriptional regulator of cellular iron metabolism has been associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Resistive breathing (RB) is the hallmark of the pathophysiology of obstructive airway diseases, especially during exacerbations, where increased mechanical stress is imposed on the lung. We have previously shown that RB, through tracheal banding, mimicking severe airway obstruction, induces pulmonary inflammation and injury in previously healthy mice.

Factors Associated with Transgender-Based Discrimination Among and Transgender Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Purpose: Transgender-based discrimination is associated with poor mental health, unemployment, and poverty. and transgender women (trans women) frequently experience transgender-based discrimination, but associated factors are understudied. Our objective was to identify the factors associated with transgender-based discrimination among trans women from Brazil.

Do Risk Factors for HCC Impact the Association of CT/MRI LIRADS Major Features With HCC? An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Guidelines suggest the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) may not be applicable for some populations at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, data assessing the association of HCC risk factors with LI-RADS major features are lacking. To evaluate whether the association between HCC risk factors and each CT/MRI LI-RADS major feature differs among individuals at-risk for HCC.

Clinical Proteomics Reveals Vulnerabilities in Noninvasive Breast Ductal Carcinoma and Drives Personalized Treatment Strategies.

This study provides real-world evidence for DCIS, a disease for which currently no molecular tools or biomarkers exist, and gives an unbiased, comprehensive, and deep proteomic profile, identifying >380 actionable targets.

PTSD Coach as an early mobile intervention to improve cancer-related anxiety and psychosocial oncology uptake in patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer: pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: This pilot study aimed to provide supportive evidence for the feasibility of conducting a full-scale intervention trial with patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC). This included assessing the acceptability and potential usefulness of the PTSD Coach mobile app as an early self-management intervention that gives information about anxiety symptoms, offers self-assessment of symptoms with feedback, tools to self-manage anxiety, and connects to support.

Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted.

Assessing Adherence to the PRISMA-DTA Guideline in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Reviews: A Five-Year Follow-up Analysis.

Background: We evaluated reporting of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic reviews using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-DTA and PRISMA-DTA for abstracts.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE for recent DTA systematic reviews (September 2023-Mar 2024) to achieve a sample size of 100. Analyses evaluated adherence to PRISMA-DTA (and abstracts), on a per-item basis.

Widespread gene-environment interactions shape the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Genome-wide association studies performed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have uncovered various loci significantly associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. However, the underlying -regulatory genetic factors that contribute to heterogeneity in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their impact on clinical phenotypes remain enigmatic. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to quantify genetic contributions to -regulatory variation in 361,119 peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 63 COVID-19 patients during acute infection, 39 samples collected in the convalescent phase, and 106 healthy controls.

An adaptive enrichment design using Bayesian model averaging for selection and threshold-identification of predictive variables.

Precision medicine is transforming healthcare by offering tailored treatments that enhance patient outcomes and reduce costs. As our understanding of complex diseases improves, clinical trials increasingly aim to detect subgroups of patients with enhanced treatment effects. Biomarker-driven adaptive enrichment designs, which initially enroll a broad population and later restrict to treatment-sensitive patients, are gaining popularity.

Reproducible protein quantitation of 270 human proteins at increased depth using nanoparticle-based fractionation and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labelled internal standards.

Here we show that when using a mix of 274 light synthetic peptide standards (NAT) as surrogates for 270 human plasma proteins, as well as stable isotope-labelled standards (SIS) as normalizers (both from MRM Proteomics Inc.) for targeted quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS), the Seer Proteograph™ platform allowed for the enrichment and absolute quantitation of up to an additional 62 targets (median) compared to two standard proteomic workflows without enrichment, representing an increase of 44%. The nanoparticle-based fractionation workflow resulted in improved reproducibility compared to a traditional proteomic workflow with no fractionation (median 8.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of radiofrequency renal denervation for uncontrolled hypertension in Canada.

Aims: Catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation (RF RDN) is an interventional treatment for uncontrolled hypertension. This analysis explored the therapy's lifetime cost-effectiveness in a Canadian healthcare setting.

Materials And Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model was used to project health events, costs, and quality-adjusted life years over a lifetime horizon.

The Spiral of Attention, Arousal, and Release: A Comparative Phenomenology of Jhāna Meditation and Speaking in Tongues.

Buddhist Jhāna meditation and the Christian practice of speaking in tongues appear wildly distinct. These spiritual techniques differ in their ethical, theological, and historical frames and seem, from the outside, to produce markedly different states of consciousness-one a state of utter calm and the other of high emotional arousal. Yet, our phenomenological interviews with experienced practitioners in the USA found significant points of convergence.