LIVER CIRRHOSIS FROM AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS IN A NIGERIAN WOMAN: A CASE REPORT.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). It presents with varied clinical features from acute hepatitis to CLDs like chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, making it difficult to diagnose in the absence of a high index of suspicion and adequate laboratory support. Autoantibody-mediated hepatocyte injury is the major feature of AIH.

Contraception usage among young adult men of a Nigerian university.

Background Family planning services recognize reproductive health as the joint responsibility of both men and women. Efforts need to be shifted to men's own sexual health in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for reduction of maternal mortality and HIV transmission. Aims To determine the methods of contraception used by young adult men and factors that influence their choice of contraceptive.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PATHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.

Background: Low back pain, a condition that affects many individuals worldwide during their lifetime is receiving increasing attention due to the attendant chronic disability, absenteeism from work, loss of earning power, loss of quality of life and finances. Recently focus has been on the rising prevalence and search for steps to address low back pain risk factors now known to be modifiable. For the evaluation of low back pain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the imaging modality of choice.

Clustering of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk factors in South-West Nigeria.

Background: There exists a synergy between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) with increased morbidity and poor outcomes.

Objectives: Data relating to this clustering in black homogenous populations is scanty. We aim to investigate this relationship in Nigerian communities.

Identification of ASAH1 as a susceptibility gene for familial keloids.

Keloids result from abnormal proliferative scar formation with scar tissue expanding beyond the margin of the original wound and are mostly found in individuals of sub-Saharan African descent. The etiology of keloids has not been resolved but previous studies suggest that keloids are a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Although possible candidate genes have been suggested by genome-wide association studies using common variants, by upregulation in keloids or their involvement in syndromes that include keloid formation, rare coding variants that contribute to susceptibility in non-syndromic keloid formation have not been previously identified.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Osogbo Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria.

Introduction: High maternal mortality is a major problem in Nigeria. Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness will ensure that women can have professional delivery thus reducing obstetric complications. This study assessed the birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Osogbo metropolis, a south western community in Nigeria.

Physiological Phenotyping for Personalized Therapy of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Africa.

Objectives: African and African American hypertensives tend to retain salt and water, with lower levels of plasma renin and more resistant hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that physiological phenotyping with plasma renin and aldosterone would improve blood pressure control in uncontrolled hypertensives in Africa.

Methods: Patients at hypertension clinics in Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa with a systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg despite treatment were allocated to usual care (UC) vs.

Plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA): An Indication of Liver Damage in Women with Pre-Eclamsia.

Background: One of the features associated with pre-eclampsia is elevated liver transaminases. The reason this happens has not been fully described. However, the hepatocytes are not known to be spared by free radical injury.

Psychiatric Morbidity in Children with HIV/AIDS at a Tertiary Health Institution in North-central Nigeria.

Introduction: Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are living longer with the infection and are at risk of different complications. We assessed for the prevalence of and associated factors for psychiatric morbidity among HIV-infected children in a tertiary facility in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional, two-staged study involving 196 HIV-positive children (6-17 years).

Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Anti-Müllerian Hormone among Fertile and Infertile Women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: Is there A Difference?

Background: Reduced ovarian reserve predicts poor ovarian response and poor suc- cess rates in infertile women who undergo assisted reproductive technology (ART). Ovarian reserve also decreases with age but the rate of decline varies from one woman to another. This study aims to detect differences in ovarian reserve as measured by basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) between a matched cohort of fertile and infertile regularly menstruating women, 18-45 years of age.

Anaphylaxis Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress and Fatal Outcome in A Nigerian Family.

Reports on hypersensitivity diseases in Nigerians are rare. We report the incidence of anaphylaxis in three siblings following fatal outcome in their mother. Urticarial rashes were noticed in three siblings' resident in a South Western Nigerian town, one week before presentation at our facility.

Use of Safety Pin on Garments in Pregnancy: A Belief and Cultural Practice with Potential Harmful Effect.

Background: Culture has been known to influence practices and beliefs of people world over. Several cultural practices have been noted among pregnant women who were passed from one generation to the next with its potential harmful and beneficial effect. The use of safety pin in is one of such cultural practices that are widely practiced by many pregnant Nigerian women.

Age-specific nomograms for follicle stimulating hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone: A pilot study in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background: Assessment of ovarian reserve is one of the steps in the management of infertile couples. Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are commonly used ovarian reserve markers in Africa. However, there is paucity of age-specific reference values for FSH and AMH among the African population.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in a Nigerian.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare, but important cause of drug-resistant seizures. Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a constellation of clinical features that consists of hemiparesis, seizure, facial asymmetry, and intellectual disability with distinct neuroimaging features. A 27-year-old lady presented to us with drug-resistant epilepsy, hemiparesis, and intellectual disability that necessitated her withdrawal from school.

High Frequency of Variants of Candidate Genes in Black Africans with Low Renin-Resistant Hypertension.

Objectives: Black subjects tend to retain salt and water, be more sensitive to aldosterone, and have suppression of plasma renin activity. Variants of the renal sodium channel (ENaC, SCNN1B) account for approximately 6% of resistant hypertension (RHT) in Blacks; other candidate genes may be important.

Methods: Six candidate genes associated with low renin-resistant hypertension were sequenced in Black Africans from clinics in Kenya and South Africa.

Metabolic syndrome and occupation: Any association? Prevalence among auto technicians and school teachers in South West Nigeria.

Aims: To determine occupational association with metabolic syndrome among auto technicians and school teachers.

Methods: One hundred and sixty six subjects were selected for this study. Clinical data was obtained while laboratory investigations including plasma glucose and lipid profile were performed.

Severity, Challenges, and Outcome of Retroperitoneal Hematoma in a Nigeria Tertiary Hospital.

Background: Retroperitoneal hematoma (RH) can present as an acute life-threatening condition, report on RH in low-income countries are lacking.

Objective: We present the severity, pattern, challenges, and outcome of RH in a low-resource country such as Nigeria.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all patients with blunt or penetrating abdominal injury needing surgery, patients with RH among them were analyzed.

Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria.

Background: In addition to poor socio-economic indices and a high prevalence of infectious diseases, there have been various reports of a rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, with associated morbidity and mortality in developing countries. These factors co-exist, resulting in a synergy, with serious complications, difficult-to-treat conditions and fatal outcomes. Hence this study was conducted to determine the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and its pattern in semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria.

Profile and Determinants of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in a Sample of Adult Nigerians With Heart Failure.

Background: Heart failure (HF) in Africans is peculiar because subjects are younger than whites and have lower socioeconomic and educational level in addition to the high prevalence of hypertension-related etiology and increased mortality. Whereas cognitive dysfunction have been demonstrated among whites with HF, the prevalence and pattern of cognitive dysfunction among sub-Saharan African patients with HF have not been evaluated against this background.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the 1-year prevalence and the factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction in a cohort of Nigerian patients with HF.

Clinical presentation and visual status of retinitis pigmentosa patients: a multicenter study in southwestern Nigeria.

Background: To review the visual status and clinical presentation of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methodology: Multicenter, retrospective, and analytical review was conducted of the visual status and clinical characteristics of patients with RP at first presentation from January 2007 to December 2011. Main outcome measure was the World Health Organization's visual status classification in relation to sex and age at presentation.

Survey of the Knowledge of Brainstem Death and Attitude Toward Organ Donation Among Relations of Neurosurgical Patients in Nigeria.

Background: Organ transplantation is a developing field in Nigeria, and availability of organs for donation would be a determining factor of the success of the transplant programs. Patients with brainstem death (BSD) are a major source of organs for transplantation. The level of knowledge of BSD as well as attitudes toward organ donation are very important determinants of people's willingness or otherwise to donate organs.

Organ Donation Among Tiers of Health Workers: Expanding Resources to Optimize Organ Availability in a Developing Country.

Unlabelled: The global increase in end organ failure but disproportional shortage of organ donation calls for attention. Expanding the organ pool by assessing and improving health workers' attitude at all levels of care may be a worthwhile initiative.

Methods: A questionnaire-based cross sectional study involving tertiary, secondary, and primary health institutions in Southwestern Nigeria was conducted.

Association Studies and Direct DNA Sequencing Implicate Genetic Susceptibility Loci in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Sub-Saharan African Populations.

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital dysmorphologies of the human face and oral cavity, with a global incidence of 1 per 700 live births. These anomalies exhibit a multifactorial pattern of inheritance, with genetic and environmental factors both playing crucial roles. Many loci have been implicated in the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in populations of Asian and European ancestries, through genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies.