Comparison of post-decompressive haematuria in rapid versus gradual bladder decompression in patients with chronic urinary retention.

Background: Chronic urinary retention (CUR) is a common urological emergency. Initial management involves the drainage of the bladder by urethral catheterisation. Relief of CUR may be associated with post-decompressive haematuria.

The outcomes of peripheral nerve surgeries in Africa: Narrative synthesis from existing literature.

Background: In Africa, peripheral nerve pathologies are a major source of disability, and the results of surgical therapies differ greatly among countries. The goal of this narrative review is to compile the most recent data on peripheral nerve surgery results in Africa, pinpoint critical variables that affect surgical outcomes, and offer suggestions for enhancing patient care.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published over the past four decades.

Abnormal blood pressure dipping pattern: frequency, determinants, and correlates in Diabetes Mellitus patients in the Cardiovascular Health Risk Assessment in Diabetes Mellitus (CHiD) study.

Purpose: Non-dipping status is associated with increased total and cardiovascular mortality in many disease conditions including diabetes mellitus. The pattern and its implications are not well described among Africans. This study was done to describe the frequency of abnormal blood pressure (BP) dipping among T2DM subjects, its determinants and correlates in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

An Accelerated Failure Time Model to Predict Cause-Specific Survival and Prognostic Factors of Lung and Bronchus Cancer Patients with at Least Bone or Brain Metastases: Development and Internal Validation Using a SEER-Based Study.

Background: This study addresses the significant challenge of low survival rates in patients with cause-specific lung cancer accompanied by bone or brain metastases. Recognizing the critical need for an effective predictive model, the research aims to establish survival prediction models using both parametric and non-parametric approaches.

Methods: Clinical data from lung cancer patients with at least one bone or brain metastasis between 2000 and 2020 from the SEER database were utilized.

Safety perception and determinants of complementary and alternative medicine usage among surgery out-patients in LAUTECH Teaching hospital, ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Objectives: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) stemmed from the search of humans for other means of relieving pain and managing diseases which has plagued its existence. CAM use is on the increase among the general population in both the developed and developing nations and also among surgical patients. There is therefore a need to ascertain the perceived adverse effects, the safety perception and the determinants of its use so as to improve the advocacy for adequate regulation.

Place of urolithiasis in the spectrum of urological pathologies, practices and use of endourological procedures in the management of calculi of the upper urinary tract: results of a survey of referral centres in Africa.

Our aim was to determine the current trend of endourology in the management of upper urinary tract calculi in Africa reference centres. We conducted an online multiple-choice questionnaire survey involving 46 centres from 27 countries using a structured well-designed Google Form (®) questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to the head of service through their emails.

AE37 HER2-targeted vaccine in the prevention of breast cancer recurrence: A mini narrative review of current evidence.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies investigating the safety profile and efficacy of the AE37 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted vaccine, offering insights into its potential role in breast cancer immunotherapy. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant articles published up to October 2023.

Expectations and experiences of urban and rural in-school adolescents of adolescent reproductive health services in Oyo State.

Reproductive health information and services are fundamental to health, well-being and opportunities for women and young people, yet throughout the world, women and youths do not have access to quality reproductive health care thereby exposing them to unplanned pregnancy, teen birth, induced abortion as well as increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV inclusive. This study is meant to explore the expectation of adolescents of an adolescent reproductive health services as well as to assess the experiences of those who had visited an ARHS at the centers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, analytic in design using a multistage sampling technique where 452 secondary school pupils in both rural and urban communities were interviewed using a pretested validated questionnaire.

Analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine with or without magnesium adjunct in bilateral ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks following cesarean section under subarachnoid block: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pain relief is a basic aspect of anesthesia care. Optimal post-cesarean section analgesia should minimize postoperative complications, facilitate infant care, and prevent postoperative morbidity. Bilateral ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerve block has been considered as a part of the multimodal approach.

Prevalence of Mental Ill-Health among Visually Impaired Patients in a Tertiary Institution in Southwestern Nigeria.

Background: To study the mental health status of patients with visual impairment in a tertiary institution in Southwestern Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the mental health status of individuals with loss of vision in Ogbomoso and associated factors.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Secondhand smoke exposure is independently associated with stroke among non-smoking adults in West Africa.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, but little is known about the contribution of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) to stroke epidemiology among indigenous Africans.

Objective: To evaluate the association of SHSE with stroke among indigenous Africans.

Methods: We analyzed the relationship of SHSE with stroke among 2990 case-control pairs of adults who had never smoked (identified in the SIREN study) using conditional logistic regression at a two-sided P < 0.

Keloids in Darkly Pigmented Skin: Clinical Pattern and Presentation at a Tertiary Health Facility, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Keloids are chronic dermal fibro-proliferative disorders resulting from excessive collagen deposition. Although it is commonly seen in the dark skin, it occurs in other races. It is a disfiguring dermatosis whose epidemiology and clinical pattern should be put into proper perspective in an area where it has not been extensively documented.

MANAGEMENT OUTCOME OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN A TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITY IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA.

Background: Pre-labour Rupture of Membranes (PROM) contributes immensely to the potential risk of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To explore the incidence and management outcome of PROM at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital (LTH), Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective study of 61 cases of PROM managed at LTH, Ogbomoso over a 3-year period.

Antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients: A multi-center, point prevalence survey across public healthcare facilities, Osun State, Nigeria.

Introduction: In order to inform sub-national action plan for control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and benchmark interventions to improve antibiotic use, it is essential to define situations on antibiotic use using standardized tools. We sought to assess quality of antimicrobial prescription across all government healthcare facilities with capacities for in-patient care in the first of the 36 states in Nigeria as part of ongoing state-wide situation analysis on AMR.

Methods: A survey was conducted between 10-27 June 2019 using the Data was collected from hospital administrators and records of hospitalized patients.

The cerebroplacental ratio: association with maternal hypertension and proteinuria.

Objective: To evaluate the resistive indices (RIs) of the fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries, as well as to determine the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), in fetuses of women with hypertension.

Materials And Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving 75 pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 75 apparently healthy pregnant women (control group), all of whom were submitted to Doppler ultrasound examination of the fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. The two groups were compared in terms of the RI of the middle cerebral and umbilical arteries, as well as the CPR.

Effects of call reminders, short message services (SMS) reminders, and SMS immunization facts on childhood routine vaccination timing and completion in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Reminders via mobile devices deployed as short message services (SMS) or calls have been identified to be a useful strategy in improving routine immunization uptake in several countries.

Objective: To identify the timeliness of appointments with reminders (calls or SMS), SMS health education and the routine care, and the vaccination completion rates in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Method: Mother-infant pairs presenting for the first vaccination appointment were randomized into four (three interventions, one control) groups, each consisting of 140 participants.

The efficacy of oral naproxen and cervical lidocaine spray on perceived pain during hysterosalpingography.

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of oral naproxen and cervical lidocaine spray during hysterosalpingography (HSG) compared to the use of oral naproxen or cervical lidocaine spray alone. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised controlled study was carried out using a total of 240 patients who were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 received cervical lidocaine spray only, Group 2 received oral naproxen only, Group 3 received cervical lidocaine spray and naproxen tablet, whereas Group 4 was the control group.

Risk Factor Characterization of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Among West Africans.

Background And Purpose: To identify the qualitative and quantitative contributions of conventional risk factors for occurrence of ischemic stroke and its key pathophysiologic subtypes among West Africans.

Methods: The SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with ischemic stroke who were etiologically subtyped using the A-S-C-O-D classification into atherosclerosis, small-vessel occlusion, cardiac pathology, other causes, and dissection.

Pattern and Predictors of Cardiovascular Risks among Public Servants in a Southwestern State in Nigeria.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem globally. The public service workers, who are facilitators of national development, are particularly vulnerable because the nature of their job predisposes them to unhealthy lifestyles. However, there is paucity of reference data on the profile of cardiovascular risks among public servants in Nigeria.

Evaluation of acrylamide exposure in pregnant Wistar rats as a risk of developing renal disease in their litters.

This study was designed at evaluating the acrylamide (ACR) exposure in pregnant Wistar rats as a risk of developing renal disease in their litters. Four groups of pregnant female rats were used. Group 1 control animals were given 2 ml/kg/day of distilled water.

Awareness, Attitude and Expectations of Physiotherapy Students on Telerehabilitation.

Background And Objective: Explosion in information technology knowledge and utilization among young people, referred to as digital natives, seems less explored in the health sector and training. This study was aimed to assess awareness, attitude and expectations of physiotherapy students on telerehabilitation.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey employed systematic probability sampling technique to recruit 200 physiotherapy students.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis in an 11 Year Old Nigerian-Boy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

We report the case of an 11-year-old boy with proximal myopathy, heliotrope, and Gottron papule-like rashes. Serum chemistry revealed muscle enzyme elevations, whereas muscle biopsy histology showed necrosis and inflammation, which were in keeping with juvenile dermatomyositis. Plain radiographic examination of the thigh 3 weeks after commencing treatment with prednisolone was normal.

Ankle brachial index as a surrogate to vascular imaging in evaluation of peripheral artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is common in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Controversy exists regarding the utility of ankle brachial index (ABI) for clinical diagnosis of PAD in persons with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of ABI for diagnosis of PAD in patients with T2DM using duplex ultrasonography (DUS) as the gold standard.

Coexistence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report of "double" diabetes in a 17-year-old Nigerian girl.

Double diabetes otherwise known as hybrid diabetes, a new variant, is a combination of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. It is a diabetes variant increasing in prevalence in developed countries because of epidemic obesity among children and adolescents but extremely rare in developing countries. Double diabetes is characterized by features of both type 1 (diabetes auto-antibodies) and type 2 (obesity and insulin resistance).