Clonal ants reveal a potentially hidden meiotic feature.

Meiosis is essential for eukaryotic reproduction and provides the basis for Mendel's segregation laws. A recent study by Lacy et al. identified a significant deviation from these laws in a clonal ant, hinting at a potentially overlooked meiotic feature.

Chemiosmotic nutrient transport in synthetic cells powered by electrogenic antiport coupled to decarboxylation.

Cellular homeostasis depends on the supply of metabolic energy in the form of ATP and electrochemical ion gradients. The construction of synthetic cells requires a constant supply of energy to drive membrane transport and metabolism. Here, we provide synthetic cells with long-lasting metabolic energy in the form of an electrochemical proton gradient.

Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation Lead to Severe Growth Failure in Infants.

Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence of growth failure in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) and whether initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage (PD) impacted the likelihood of growth failure.

Summary Background Data: Infants with surgical NEC and SIP have high mortality, and most have neurodevelopmental impairment and poor growth. Existing literature on growth outcomes for these infants is limited.

Identification and functional validation of a novel pathogenic germline variant p.G95V in familial melanoma.

variants have been identified in familial melanoma (FM) as well as a number of other germline and somatic malignancies. The functional validation of variants identified from the screening of patients with melanoma gene susceptibility panels is key to understanding the clinical significance of identified variants. Here we report a novel, likely pathogenic missense variant (p.

Burden of illness and treatment attitudes among participants meeting Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome: A nationwide survey in the United States.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, with patient-perceived dissatisfaction of treatment symptom control. We assessed disease burden, satisfaction with medication use, and impact on activities, in participants with IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and diarrhea (IBS-D).

Methods: This study assessed data from a large, United States survey of adults querying demographics, comorbid conditions, quality of life, medication use, satisfaction with symptom control, and work productivity.

Feasibility and safety of surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway as first-line therapy for a select newborn population: results of a standardized clinical protocol.

Objectives: (1) To demonstrate feasibility and safety of surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as a first-line therapy. (2) To measure treatment success, defined as avoidance of intubation/invasive mechanical ventilation, and determine if specific clinical variables could predict success/failure.

Study Design: Observational cohort with eligible infants given surfactant using one type of LMA via standardized protocol.

Leaky Gut Syndrome: Myths and Management.

Leaky gut syndrome is a condition widely popularized in the lay literature, although it is not currently accepted as a formal medical diagnosis. Multiple gastrointestinal symptoms are ascribed to leaky gut syndrome, including diarrhea, bloating, distension, abdominal pain, and dyspeptic symptoms of early satiety, nausea, and postprandial fullness. The etiology and pathophysiology of leaky gut syndrome are multifactorial; a preceding gastrointestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain medications may be relevant factors in some patients.

A new type of carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase in sulfur chemolithoautotrophs from alkaline environments.

Unlabelled: Autotrophic bacteria are able to fix CO in a great diversity of habitats, even though this dissolved gas is relatively scarce at neutral pH and above. As many of these bacteria rely on CO fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) for biomass generation, they must compensate for the catalytical constraints of this enzyme with CO-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). CCMs consist of CO and HCO transporters and carboxysomes.

QUANT: a long-term multi-city commercial air sensor dataset for performance evaluation.

The QUANT study represents the most extensive open-access evaluation of commercial air quality sensor systems to date. This comprehensive study assessed 49 systems from 14 manufacturers across three urban sites in the UK over a three-year period. The resulting open-access dataset captures high time-resolution measurements of a variety of gasses (NO, NO, O, CO, CO), particulate matter (PM, PM, PM), and key meteorological parameters (humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure).

Platelet aggregation response to cyclooxygenase inhibition and thromboxane receptor antagonism using impedance aggregometry: A pilot study.

Impedance aggregometry is an alternative to light transmission aggregometry that allows analysis of platelet function in whole blood samples. We hypothesized (1) impedance aggregometry would produce repeatable results, (2) inhibition of cyclooxygenase with aspirin would attenuate aggregation responses to collagen and abolish the aggregation response to arachidonic acid (AA), and (3) thromboxane receptor antagonism (terutroban) would attenuate the aggregation response to AA. Venous blood was obtained from 11 participants three times separated by at least 2 weeks.

Experimental investigation on solidification cracking & intergranular corrosion of AISI 321 & AISI 316 L dissimilar weld on pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW).

Dissimilar metal combinations are frequently employed in the power generation and nuclear industries. Where stainless steel piping systems are connected to pressure vessels made of low-alloy steel, the subsystems of liquid rocket engines also have different, dissimilar material combinations. Dissimilar welding plays a vital role in ensuring the integrity, performance, and reliability of components and structures operating in cryogenic environments, in this study, plates of AISI 316L and AISI 321, each 5 mm thick, were successfully joined using the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) technique with optimized process parameters.

Treatment for chronic idiopathic constipation: Use and satisfaction from a nationwide survey of US participants.

Background: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by a variety of bowel movement-related and abdominal symptoms. A greater understanding of medication use and satisfaction with symptom control may provide insights to optimize patient care. Therefore, we explored these aspects of the disorder in adults with CIC.

Congenital absence of touch does not preclude normal cognitive and socioemotional development.

Attachment theory holds that development of normal affective and social behavior requires physical contact between infant and caregiver. The elevation of touch to paramount importance has gone unchallenged because, prior to the present study, no individual with a congenital lack of somatosensation has been reported, much less studied for psychosocial development. Here we describe Kim, who since birth, has been unable to perceive touch, temperature changes, or pain on the body surface.

Synthesis of Mn(III)X (X = Cl, Br, I) Compounds with Phosphine (RP) Ligands.

This work details the synthesis and characterization of complexes of the form [MnX(PR)] (X = Cl, Br, I), which is a rare type of coordination compound. Prior to this work, the only mode of synthesis was oxidizing mixtures of MnX and PR with dry air, but these procedures give low yields and variable outcomes. By taking advantage of the starting material [MnCl(OPPh)] () and other new strategies, we present robust synthetic protocols for both new and known Mn(III) halido phosphine complexes.

Candida auris: A focused review for emergency clinicians.

Introduction: Candida auris is an emerging pathogen and human health threat. However, diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection due to C. auris are challenging.

The effect of virtual reality on perioperative pain management in patients undergoing gastrointestinal procedures and surgeries: a systematic review of clinical trials.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) is an advanced technology that transports users into a virtual world. It has been proven to be effective in pain management via distraction and alteration of pain perception. However, the impact of VR on treating perioperative pain is inconclusive.

Advancing Inclusive Mentoring: An Effective Mentor Training Program Across Comprehensive and R2 Public Universities.

Positive and inclusive mentoring of undergraduate research students, particularly of students from historically underrepresented groups is critical. The Advancing Inclusive Mentoring (AIM) program was developed to share inclusive mentoring practices with mentors at undergraduate-focused campuses and was assessed across five minority-serving universities. Self-ratings of mentorship skill as very- and exceptionally developed increased by 58% after AIM completion, and 93% of participants indicated they were likely to change their mentoring following AIM.

Devimistat (CPI-613) With Modified Fluorouarcil, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and Leucovorin (FFX) Versus FFX for Patients With Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: The Phase III AVENGER 500 Study.

Purpose: Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPC) remains a difficult-to-treat disease. Fluorouarcil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and leucovorin (FFX) is a standard first-line therapy for mPC for patients with a favorable performance status and good organ function. In a phase I study, devimistat (CPI-613) in combination with modified FFX (mFFX) was deemed safe and exhibited promising efficacy in mPC.

Small molecule FICD inhibitors suppress endogenous and pathologic FICD-mediated protein AMPylation.

The AMP transferase, FICD, is an emerging drug target finetuning stress signaling in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). FICD is a bi-functional enzyme, catalyzing both AMP addition (AMPylation) and removal (deAMPylation) from the ER resident chaperone BiP/GRP78. Despite increasing evidence linking excessive BiP/GRP78 AMPylation to human diseases, small molecules to inhibit pathogenic FICD variants are lacking.

MASLD does not affect fertility and senolytics fail to prevent MASLD progression in male mice.

Senescent cells have been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the effectiveness of senolytic drugs in reducing liver damage in mice with MASLD is not clear. Additionally, MASLD has been reported to adversely affect male reproductive function.

A novel pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a wireless patch system in patients with chronic nausea and vomiting.

Background: Gastric sensorimotor disorders (functional dyspepsia [FD] and gastroparesis [GP]) are prevalent and burdensome. Prolonged ambulatory recording using a wireless patch may provide novel information in these patients.

Methods: Consecutive adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) referred for gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) were eligible for study inclusion.

Association of personalized and tumor-informed ctDNA with patient survival outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Personalized and tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing is feasible and allows for molecular residual disease (MRD) identification in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: In this retrospective analysis of commercial cases from multiple US institutions, personalized, tumor-informed, whole-exome sequenced, and germline-controlled ctDNA levels were quantified and analyzed in patients with PDAC. Plasma samples (n = 1329) from 298 clinically validated patients were collected at diagnosis, perioperatively (MRD-window; within 2-12 weeks after surgery, before therapy), and during surveillance (>12 weeks post-surgery if no ACT or starting 4 weeks post-ACT) from November 2019 to March 2023.

GRAIL1 Stabilizes Misfolded Mutant p53 through a Ubiquitin Ligase-Independent, Chaperone Regulatory Function.

Frequent (>70%) TP53 mutations often promote its protein stabilization, driving esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) development linked to poor survival and therapy resistance. We previously reported that during Barrett's esophagus progression to EAC, an isoform switch occurs in the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF128 (aka GRAIL-gene related to anergy in lymphocytes), enriching isoform 1 (hereby GRAIL1) and stabilizing the mutant p53 protein. Consequently, GRAIL1 knockdown degrades mutant p53.