Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease and Incident Dementia: The ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).

Background: Studies of the neurovascular contribution to dementia have largely focused on cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), but the role of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) remains unknown in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of incident dementia from ICAD after adjusting for CSVD and cardiovascular risk factors in a US community-based cohort.

Methods: We acquired brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations from 2011 through 2013 in 1980 Black and White participants in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), a prospective cohort conducted in 4 US communities.

The interplay between cytokines and stroke: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study.

Stroke, the second leading cause of death and disability, causes massive cell death in the brain followed by secondary inflammatory injury initiated by disease associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Nonetheless, the evidence regarding the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and stroke subtypes is obscure. To leverage large scale genetic association data to investigate the interplay between circulating cytokines and stroke, we adopted a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Exploring research hotspots and emerging trends in neuroimaging of vascular cognitive impairment: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Background: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) manifests in memory impairment, mental slowness, executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and visuospatial abnormalities, significantly compromising the quality of daily life for patients and causing inconvenience to caregivers. Neuroimaging serves as a crucial approach to evaluating the extent, location, and type of vascular lesions in patients suspected of VCI. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analysis to discern the research status and emerging trends concerning VCI neuroimaging.

Local carotid stiffness, hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions.

Objective: The carotid stiffness is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular small vessel disease. Our study aimed to evaluate the relation of the local arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) to the hemodynamic forces and blood viscosity in patients with cerebral lacunar infarctions (LI).

Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic LI and 15 age-matched controls were examined.

Stroke heart injury: the effect of cerebral reperfusion treatment. A 3-year retrospective study.

Background: Cardiac involvement following an acute stroke (Stroke Heart Syndrome-SHS) is an established complication and it is linked to the involvement of sympathetic activation, inflammation, and neuro-endocrine response. Troponin "rise and fall pattern" > 30% is one marker of SHS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of reperfusion treatments in the prevention/pathogenesis of SHS with different stroke sizes and locations (OCSP classification).

Peripheral Artery Disease among a High-Risk Asian Population with Ischaemic Stroke, Cardiovascular Disease, or Diabetes Mellitus.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects more than 100 million people globally. Most PAD studies have been performed among predominantly White populations-less is known about other ethnicities. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of PAD in a high-risk Asian population with ischaemic stroke (IS), myocardial infarction, unstable angina (CVD), or diabetes mellitus (DM).

Cerebral arteriolosclerosis, lacunar infarcts, and cognition in older Black adults.

Introduction: Older Black adults are at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which contributes to dementia risk. Two subtypes of CSVD, arteriolosclerosis and ischemic lacunar infarcts, have been independently linked to lower cognition and higher dementia risk, but their combined effects on cognition in older Black adults are unclear.

Methods: Mixed models were used to examine the associations of in vivo measures of arteriolosclerosis (ARTS) and ischemic lacunar infarcts to cognitive level and change in 370 older Black adults without dementia.

Vertical "Half-and-Half" Syndrome with Ipsilateral Pseudoabducens Palsy due to Rostral Midbrain Lacunar Infarction.

Vertical "half-and-half" syndrome, characterized by contralateral upward and ipsilateral downward gaze palsy, is a rare variant of vertical eye movement disturbance. Similarly, pseudoabducens palsy, manifesting as abductive palsy despite no lesion to the pons, constitutes another rare type of eye movement disturbance. Both conditions have been associated with lesions in the thalamo-mesencephalic junction.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Infarct Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis.

We investigated relations between cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) markers and evolution of the ischemic tissue from ischemic core to final infarct in people with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Data from the Stroke Imaging Repository (STIR) and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) were used. Any pre-existing lacunar infarcts and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were assessed on magnetic resonance (MR) before thrombolytic therapy.

Treatment options for patients with CADASIL and large-scale cerebral infarction: mechanical thrombectomy and antiplatelet therapy-A case report.

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant inherited arterial disease, with lacunar infarction resulting from intracranial small vessel lesions being the most prevalent clinical manifestation of CADASIL. However, large-scale cerebral infarction caused by intracranial non-small vessels occlusion is relatively uncommon, and reports of vascular intervention and long-term antiplatelet drug treatment for patients with CADASIL and large-scale cerebral infarction are rarer.

Methods: We reported a 52 year-old male who experienced a significant cerebral infarction due to an occlusion in the second segment of the left middle cerebral artery, 4 months subsequent to being diagnosed with CADASIL.

Analysis of events from sudden isolated dysarthria to diagnosis of myasthenic crisis: myasthenia gravis mimicking acute lacunar stroke-a case report.

Background: Myasthenic crisis (MC) is a life-threatening complication of myasthenia gravis (MG), necessitating ventilation. Achieving a safe and timely diagnosis of myasthenic crisis with atypical, isolated presentation is a considerable challenge particularly in elderly patients, where myasthenia gravis can present with isolated dysarthria in rare instances, giving a clinical impression of lacunar stroke.

Case Presentation: We present a compelling case of a 73-year-old Caucasian female presenting with abrupt onset of isolated dysarthria.

Polycythemia Vera Presenting As Acute Non-hemorrhagic Infarction and Chronic Bleed: Deception Between the Lines.

Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) develop various complications due to hyper-viscous blood, causing events such as ischemic stroke. There are other associated complications due to the dysfunction of platelet activity, causing hemorrhages. In our unusual case, we present a patient who came to the OPD complaining of slurring speech.

Troponin levels in transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: does "transient" in your brain mean "better" for your heart?

Purpose: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is defined as a transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, with clinical symptoms typically lasting less than one hour, and without evidence of acute infarction. In this type of ischemic event, there are no data about a possible cardiac injury tested with troponin. After a stroke, it is well established the cardiac involvement due to a neuro-inflammatory response (recently defined as Stroke Heart Syndrome).

Stroke Demographics, Risk Factors, Subtypes, Syndromes, Mechanisms and Inter-Ethnic Differences between Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore-A Hospital-Based Study.

Disparities in stroke may be due to socioeconomics, demographics, risk factors (RF) and ethnicity. Asian data are scant. This retrospective hospital-based study aimed to explore demographics, RF, stroke subtypes and mechanisms among the Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore.

Associations Between Stroke Type, Ischemic Stroke Subtypes, and Post-Stroke Cognitive Trajectories.

Background: It is unclear how post-stroke cognitive trajectories differ by stroke type and ischemic stroke subtype. We studied associations between stroke types (ischemic, hemorrhagic), ischemic stroke subtypes (cardioembolic, large artery atherosclerotic, lacunar/small vessel, cryptogenic/other determined etiology), and post-stroke cognitive decline.

Methods: This pooled cohort analysis from four US cohort studies (1971-2019) identified 1,143 dementia-free individuals with acute stroke during follow-up: 1,061 (92.

Cerebral microbleeds is a predictor of recurrent small vessel cerebrovascular disease: Evaluation based on the recurrent stroke pattern.

Objectives: An increased number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is considered a predictive factor for recurrent small vessel cerebrovascular diseases, including lacunar infarction and non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, it is unclear which recurrent stroke pattern is mainly reflected in the number of CMBs.

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled 217 patients with their first stroke (148 deep lacunar infarctions and 69 non-lobar ICHs), between January 2009 and March 2015.

No causal link between herpes zoster and ischemic stroke: evidence from Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: The association between herpes zoster (HZ) and stroke has been the subject of much previous research. Nevertheless, the connection remains ambiguous. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation study was conducted to explore the potential causal link between HZ and ischaemic stroke, including its subtypes.

Differential blood-based biomarkers of subcortical and deep brain small vessel disease.

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease is the most common cause of lacunar strokes (LS). Understanding LS pathogenesis is vital for predicting disease severity, prognosis, and developing therapies.

Objectives: To research molecular profiles that differentiate LS in deep brain structures from those in subcortical white matter.