Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Acne Vulgaris: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicle-sebaceous gland unit and is the most common skin disorder worldwide. Although it can occur at any age, it predominantly affects young individuals, manifesting as comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, and nodules, primarily in the sebaceous-rich areas of the face, often in a symmetrical distribution. The development of acne vulgaris is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including sun exposure, skincare habits, diet, sleep patterns, and psychological stress, all of which can induce or exacerbate the condition.

An Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Baicalin and its Oral Therapeutic Effect on Ulcerative Colitis.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment currently faces multiple challenges including adverse effects, prolonged therapy durations, and high costs. Baicalin (BA) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory benefits for inflammatory bowel disease, and the objective of this scholarly work is to address the challenges associated with the poor aqueous solubility and diminished oral bioavailability of the compound in question, thereby offering an innovative therapeutic approach for the management of ulcerative colitis.

Methods: We developed a baicalin-arginine complex (BA-Arg) by screening for suitable basic compounds and utilizing a freeze-drying method, resulting in an amorphous solid dispersion of BA.

Exploring the promising potential of alcohol extract from the aerial part of dill in ameliorating DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is a typical Uyghur medicine. It is traditionally used to treat sticky and stagnant dampness, hiccups and food stagnation, intestinal obstruction, and anorectal diseases.

Selenium nanoboosting of plant-beneficial microbiome.

In the dynamic theater of plant-microbe interactions, a new conductor has emerged: selenium nanoparticles. As unveiled by Sun et al. in this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, these microbially synthesized nanoparticles recruit plant growth-promoting microbes, orchestrating a synergy between plants and the rhizosphere microbiome.

Rapid Sex Chromosome Turnover in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus) and the Origins of New Sex Chromosomes.

Sex chromosomes of some closely related species are not homologous, and sex chromosome turnover is often attributed to mechanisms that involve linkage to or recombination arrest around sex-determining loci. We examined sex chromosome turnover and recombination landscapes in African clawed frogs (genus Xenopus) with reduced representation genome sequences from 929 individuals from 19 species. We recovered extensive variation in sex chromosomes, including at least eight nonhomologous sex-associated regions-five newly reported here, with most maintaining female heterogamety, but two independent origins of Y chromosomes.

Alternative hosts of banana bunchy top virus in the Philippines and the first evidence of seed transmission of BBTV.

Banana bunchy top disease is caused by (BBTV). BBTV is transmitted locally by aphids ( spp.), but the long-distance spread is through the movement of infected planting materials.

Sustained antiviral insulin signaling during West Nile virus infection results in viral mutations.

Arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) pose significant threats to public health. It is imperative to develop novel methods to control these mosquito-borne viral infections. We previously showed that insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS)-dependent activation of ERK and JAK-STAT signaling has significant antiviral activity in insects and human cells.

Pyoluteorin-deficient Pseudomonas protegens improves cooperation with Bacillus velezensis, biofilm formation, co-colonizing, and reshapes rhizosphere microbiome.

Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus have been extensively studied and applied in biocontrol of plant diseases. However, there is less known about their interaction within two-strain synthetic communities (SynCom). Our study revealed that Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 inhibits the growth of several Bacillus species, including Bacillus velezensis.

The Bacteria-Derived dsRNA Was Used for Spray-Induced Gene Silencing for Rice False Smut Control.

False smut caused by is one of the most destructive diseases in rice. The disease is primarily controlled with fungicides, leading to the development of fungicide resistance. Although spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) has been utilized for disease management, it has not been applied to control rice false smut.

Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanisms of P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde for Treating Gastric Cancer: A Pharmacological Perspective with Experimental Confirmation.

Background: Momordica cochinchinensis is a dried and mature seed of Cucurbitaceae plants, which has the effect of dispersing nodules, detumescence, attacking poison, and treating sores, and is used in the treatment of tumors in the clinic. P-hydroxylcinnamaldehyde (CMSP) is an ethanol extract of cochinchina momordica seed (CMS). Our previous studies have found that CMSP is an effective anti-tumor component with good anti-tumor effects on melanoma and esophageal tumors.

Corrigendum: Tick innate immune responses to hematophagy and infection at single-cell resolution.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Drivers of behavior in two tick species, and (Acari: Ixodidae), in a laboratory setting.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are of increasing concern in the United States, and understanding tick behavior could be crucial to limiting the exposure of humans and other animals to ticks. Here, we wanted to understand the drivers of questing and burrowing in and . We used a factorial design to assess the effects of substrate (sand, soil, and rock), temperature (16° and 22° C), tick species ( and ), and competition (homogenous or heterogenous mixture of ticks in the arena) on tick behavior in laboratory arenas.

An evaluation of novaluron on Southern green stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) nymphs and sublethal effects on fecundity in adults.

Stink bug species emerged as major insect pests of cotton in the mid-southern United States following the eradication of the boll weevil and the introduction of genetically modified Bt cotton for lepidopteran pests. Considering the limited number of chemical classes available for insect control, further insights into other chemistries are necessary to inform management strategies with the overall goal of establishing and maintaining the most cost efficient and efficacious control programs for stink bugs in Alabama. The insect growth regulator, novaluron, has shown control of tarnished plant bugs, but little research has been done on its effect in stink bugs.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Novel polymycoviruses are encapsidated in filamentous virions.

is a relatively new viral family that was established nearly 5 years ago, but their viral morphologies (naked or encapsidated) remain controversial since only one member namely, filamentous virus 1 (CcFV1), was identified as being encapsidated in filamentous virions. Here, three novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses belonging to the family were identified in three phytopathogenic fungal strains and tentatively named -sinensis polymycovirus 1 (PcsPmV1), and polymycovirus 1 and 2 (PhcPmV1 and 2), respectively. PcsPmV1 and PhcPmVs have five or six genomic dsRNAs, ranging from 1,055 to 2,405 bp, encoding five or seven putative open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, ORF5 encodes a prolein-alanine-serine-rich (P-A-S-rich) protein behaving as coat protein (CP); and dsRNAs 4 and 6 encode putative proteins with unknown functions and share no detectable identities with known viral sequences.

Evaluating the stability of nursery-established arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations in apple rootstocks.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are promoted as commercial bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. Little is known, however, about the survival of AMF inoculants in soil and their impacts on native or pre-established AMF communities in root tissue. The current study was designed to assess the stability of pre-existing/nursery-derived AMF in apple rootstocks after being planted into soil containing a known community of AMF with a limited number of species.

A LysM Effector Mediates Adhesion and Plant Immunity Suppression in the Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea.

LysM effectors are suppressors of chitin-triggered plant immunity in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi. In necrotrophic fungi, LysM effectors might induce a mechanism to suppress host immunity during the short asymptomatic phase they establish before these fungi activate plant defenses and induce host cell death leading to necrosis. Here, we characterize a secreted LysM protein from a major necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea, called BcLysM1.

Pesticide use in integrated pest and pollinator management framework to protect pollinator health.

Agricultural pesticides have historically been a critical tool in controlling pests and diseases, preventing widespread suffering and crop losses that led to catastrophes such as the Great Irish Famine (1845-1852) and the Cotton Boll Weevil Infestation (1915-1916). However, their usage has brought challenges, including resistance development, secondary pest outbreaks, harm to non-target organisms like pollinators, and environmental contamination. In response to these concerns, integrated pest management (IPM) has emerged as a comprehensive approach, emphasizing non-chemical pest control methods such as cultural practices, biological control, and crop rotation, with pesticides as the last resort.

Two rice cultivars recruit different rhizospheric bacteria to promote aboveground regrowth after mechanical defoliation.

Plants have evolved the ability to regrow after mechanical defoliation and environmental stresses. However, it is unclear whether and how defoliated plants exploit beneficial microbiota from the soil to promote aboveground regrowth. Here, we compared the defoliation-triggered changes in the root exudation and bacterial microbiome of two rice cultivars ( L .

The acyl-CoA-binding protein VdAcb1 is essential for carbon starvation response and contributes to virulence in .

Unlabelled: In the face of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus starvation, microorganisms have evolved adaptive mechanisms to maintain growth. In a previous study, we identified a protein predicted to contain acyl-CoA-binding domains in the plant pathogenic fungus . The predicted protein, designated VdAcb1, possesses an atypical signal peptide.

Convergence of plant sterols and host eukaryotic cell-derived defensive lipids at the infectious pathogen-host interface.

Plant sterols (PSs) exhibit intrinsic functions such as antibacterial effects. Their effects simultaneously on both host-mediated and bacteria-mediated pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that when absorptive cells, defensive cells and detoxer cells are cultured together, their convergent response to an infectious pathogen depends on the molecular mimicry between the ingested sterols and their own defensive lipids.

Effect of the arabinogalactan from Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai. attenuates DSS-induced colitis and accompanying depression-like behavior.

An arabinogalactan (ICPA) was extracted from the medicinal and edible plant Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai., and ICPA exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activity.