INTERMITTENT TAKE-UP OF FLUID FROM THE CUTANEOUS TISSUE.

Methods have been devised to bring microscopic amounts of fluid into contact with cutaneous connective tissue, under pressure or without pressure, in such a manner that it enters neither blood capillaries nor lymphatics directly. The take-up of fluid brought into contact with the tissues in this way has been measured and its characteristics studied. Elaborate control tests, here described and discussed, have indicated the possible errors in the employment of these methods.

FRACTIONATION OF PEPSIN : I. ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE PEPSIN OF CONSTANT ACTIVITY AND SOLUBILITY FROM PEPSINOGEN OR COMMERCIAL PEPSIN PREPARATIONS. II. PREPARATION OF A LESS SOLUBLE FRACTION. III. SOLUBILITY CURVES OF MIXTURES OF THE SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE FRACTIONS. IV. PREPARATION OF HIGHLY ACTIVE PEPSIN FROM PEPSINOGEN.

1. Solubility curves of crude pepsin preparations indicate the presence of more than one protein. 2.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND ELECTROPHORESIS OF CRYSTALLINE RIBONUCLEASE.

Electrophoretic studies on purified crystalline ribonuclease showed the absence of any impurities differing in mobility from the bulk of material. The isoelectric point of ribonuclease was found by electrophoresis to be at about pH 7.8.

THE USE OF SOLUBILITY AS A CRITERION OF PURITY OF PROTEINS : I. APPLICATION OF THE PHASE RULE TO THE SOLUBILITY OF PROTEINS. II. THE SOLUBILITY CURVES AND PURITY OF CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN.

1. The conditions under which the phase rule may be applied to systems containing proteins are formulated. 2.

UNION IN VITRO OF THE PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND ITS ANTIBODY.

Experiments are described which show that the rabbit papilloma virus elicits an antibody of one type only, this being capable both of neutralizing the virus and of fixing complement in mixture with it. The virus and its antibody have a powerful, specific affinity for one another, each being capable of absorbing the other in great excess when they are brought together in the test tube. The union formed by them in vitro cannot be dissociated in any demonstrable degree by dilution or centrifugation.

INFLUENCE OF AGE FACTORS ON IMMUNIZABILITY OF MICE TO RABIES VIRUS.

1. W-Swiss mice 60 or more days old are more readily immunizable against rabies virus infection than 20 day old or younger mice; this difference in immunizability with increasing age is most conspicuous when vaccination with virulent virus is followed by intracerebral test infection and least apparent when vaccination with avirulent virus is followed by intramuscular test infection. 2.

INFLUENCE OF AGE FACTORS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO RABIES VIRUS.

1. 7 to 9 day old mice are more susceptible than older mice to injections of fixed or street virus by any route. 2.

THE USE OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IN PREPARING A NON-VIRULENT ANTIRABIES VACCINE.

Rabies virus, exposed to the rays of a mercury vapor lamp under proper conditions, loses virulence yet retains considerable immunizing potency for mice.

STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS : VIII. SENSITIZATION TO PICRIC ACID; SUBSIDIARY AGENTS AND MODE OF SENSITIZATION.

Sensitization of guinea pigs to picric acid was obtained by application of oil solutions to the skin, preferably on inflamed sites or by treatment with a compound of picric acid with n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate. The lesions obtained in sensitive animals on superficial administration bore resemblance to human eczema. It seems probable that picric acid sensitization is an instance where a substance does not sensitize directly but after conversion into a more reactive compound, a principle which should be of wider application to instances where the original substance does not readily form conjugates.

THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF DOUBLE PEAKS IN CHARA ACTION CURVES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE MOVEMENT OF POTASSIUM.

The action curve in Chara seems to depend (as in Nitella) on the outward movement of K(+) from the sap. Presumably the increase in permeability in the inner protoplasmic surface and the outward movement of K(+) destroy the concentration gradient of K(+) across the inner protoplasmic surface. Hence the outwardly directed P.

CHEMICAL RESTORATION IN NITELLA : IV. EFFECTS OF GUANIDINE.

Leaching in distilled water may remove irritability and the potassium effect in Nitella but both of these may be restored by appropriate treatment with guanidine.

CRYSTALLINE RIBONUCLEASE.

1. A crystalline enzyme capable of digesting yeast nucleic acid has been isolated from fresh beef pancreas. 2.

IDENTITY OF "INHIBITOR" AND ANTIBODY IN EXTRACTS OF VIRUS-INDUCED RABBIT PAPILLOMAS.

The "inhibitor" demonstrable in extracts of the virus-induced rabbit papillomas is identical with the antiviral antibody found in the blood of hosts bearing the growths. The conditions in these latter are frequently favorable to its extravasation in considerable amount into them. Its significance and its influence upon the recovery of virus from the papillomas are discussed.

CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA : II. PROPERTIES OF NUCLEIC ACID OBTAINED FROM VACCINE VIRUS.

It has been possible by means of classical chemical methods to isolate and to characterize to some extent the nucleic acid of elementary bodies of vaccinia. Determination by means of diphenylamine reagent revealed that the major part of the nucleic acid was of the thymus type. This was further substantiated by its stability in the presence of ribonuclease, less than 10 per cent undergoing depolymerization during prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C.

A TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT (THEILER'S VIRUS) IN THE INTESTINES OF NORMAL MICE.

Every experiment with the contents of one, or with those pooled from two to five of the normal stock of Rockefeller Institute strain of albino mice, 1 to 2 months of age, revealed the presence of a virus which, after intracerebral inoculation into normal mice, induced characteristic paralytic encephalomyelitis, indistinguishable from Theilerapos;s disease. No difference was seen in this effect of intestinal contents deriving from animals paralyzed during the course of spontaneous encephalomyelitis and from normal mice. The influence of age on carriage of virus, as well as on the persistence of the carrier state, is discussed.

EFFECTS OF GUAIACOL AND HEXYLRESORCINOL IN THE PRESENCE OF BARIUM AND CALCIUM.

Guaiacol was applied at two spots on the same cell of Nitella. At one spot it was dissolved in 0.01 M NaCl, at the other in 0.

ACTION CURVES WITH SINGLE PEAKS IN NITELLA IN RELATION TO THE MOVEMENT OF POTASSIUM.

In Nitella the action curve has two peaks, apparently because both protoplasmic surfaces (inner and outer) are sensitive to K(+). Leaching in distilled water makes the outer surface insensitive to K(+). We may therefore expect the action curve to have only one peak.

SEPARATION OF POTASSIUM ISOTOPES IN VALONIA AND NITELLA.

The ratio of K(39) / K(41) appears to be lower in the sap of Valonia and Nitella than in the environment, indicating that the living cell can separate these isotopes to some extent. Experiments with a mixture of guaiacol and p-cresol suggest that a similar separation may occur here but further experiments are needed.

THE PURIFICATION OF CATHEPSIN.

1. One mg. of the purified cathepsin whose preparation is described is as active as the extract of 1.

A TRANSPLANTABLE RABBIT CARCINOMA ORIGINATING IN A VIRUS-INDUCED PAPILLOMA AND CONTAINING THE VIRUS IN MASKED OR ALTERED FORM.

A squamous cell carcinoma derived from a virus-induced rabbit papilloma has been propagated in fourteen successive groups of animals. It grows rapidly now in most individuals to which it is transplanted, killing early and metastasizing frequently. The original cancer was the outcome of alterations in epidermal cells already rendered neoplastic by the virus, and the latter, or an agent nearly related to it, has persisted and increased in the malignant tissue, as a study of the blood of the first ten groups of cancerous animals has shown.

THE ACTIVATING, TRANSFORMING, AND CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF THE RABBIT PAPILLOMA VIRUS (SHOPE) UPON IMPLANTED TAR TUMORS.

The effects of the rabbit papilloma virus upon tar tumor tissue are widely various, as the present paper and previous ones attest. It enables some of the benign tar tumors of domestic rabbits (papillomas, carcinomatoids) to establish themselves after implantation,-which they are unable to do under ordinary circumstances, being dependent upon favoring factors; and it may drive them to active proliferation without altering their morphology. Some growths it fails to influence and some it converts into virus papillomas.

EFFECTS OF HEXYLRESORCINOL ON NITELLA.

In some ways the effects of hexylresorcinol on Nitella resemble those of guaiacol but in others they differ. Both substances depress the P.D.

A DOG TEST FOR MEASURING THE IMMUNIZING POTENCY OF ANTIRABIES VACCINES.

1. A quantitative method is described for testing the immunizing potency of antirabies vaccines in dogs. 2.

PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR : XIV. RELATION BETWEEN A TUMOR NUCLEOPROTEIN AND THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE.

1. The tumor-producing fraction, isolated from Chicken Tumor I by means of differential centrifugation at high speed, has been investigated as regards its power to absorb ultraviolet light. A characteristic absorption spectrum was found, with a maximum at lambda2575.