35 results match your criteria: "Laboratoire associé au Centre national de Référence du VIH[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • - This study aimed to confirm co-infections of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West African patients using specialized tests and molecular methods.
  • - Conducted from April 2016 to October 2017 in major clinics in Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso, the survey involved 91 patients who underwent various serological and molecular tests for HIV confirmation.
  • - Results showed that out of the 91 participants, 75.4% had both HIV-1 and HIV-2, highlighting the need for improved molecular diagnostics to better identify these co-infections in the region.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects the entire human body. Genetic diversity within the viral population of an infected individual is considerable and heterogeneous. Viral subpopulations develop during infection, which can lead to independent evolutions according to anatomical compartments - organs, tissues or cells - i.

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Background: The broad genetic divergence of HIV-1/O relative to HIV-1/M has important implications for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. Despite this divergence, some HIV-1/M+O dual infections and HIV-1/MO recombinant forms have been reported, mostly in Cameroon, where both groups are prevalent. Here, we describe the characteristics of such infections detected in France in 10 new patients, and discuss their implications for biological and clinical practice, owing to the presence of group O species.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Group O Infection in France: Clinical Features and Immunovirological Response to Antiretrovirals.

Clin Infect Dis

May 2018

Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM) EA2656, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie, associé au Centre National de Référence (CNR) du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH).

Background: To obtain reliable clinical data of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (HIV-1/O) infection, and immunovirological responses to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), in a large series of 101 patients.

Methods: Piecewise linear models were used to estimate CD4 count before and after cART initiation. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time to reach clinical stage C before antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to analyze time to achieve a plasma viral load (pVL) <40 copies/mL following cART initiation.

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To generate the long-terminal repeats (LTR) that border the integrated viral genome, two-strand transfer steps must occur during reverse transcription. Analysis of the genetic polymorphisms that are present in the LTR of HIV-1 heterozygous virions in single infection cycle studies has revealed which of the two copies of genomic RNAs is used for each transfer event. Thus, the first event of strand transfer has been described to be either intra- or intermolecular, while the second event is generally intramolecular.

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Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treated patients with viral load >50 copies/mL: a 2014 French nationwide study.

J Antimicrob Chemother

June 2017

PTBM, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux; UMR 5234 MFP CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.

Background: Surveillance of HIV-1 resistance in treated patients with a detectable viral load (VL) is important to monitor, in order to assess the risk of spread of resistant viruses and to determine the proportion of patients who need new antiretroviral drugs with minimal cross-resistance.

Methods: The HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase genes were sequenced in plasma samples from 782 consecutive patients on failing antiretroviral regimens, seen in 37 specialized centres in 2014. The genotyping results were interpreted using the ANRS v24 algorithm.

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HIV-1 group O (HIV-1/O) are rare variants that are mainly found in Cameroon, where they represent several thousands of cases. The reasons for their limited diffusion remains poorly understood: their emergence is estimated as ancient as that of pandemic HIV-1/M, and ancient cases of exportation on diverse continents have been identified for both groups. In France, more than a hundred cases have been identified so far that are mostly linked with Cameroon.

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HIV-1 group O (HIV-1/O) are rare variants that are mainly found in Cameroon, where they have caused several thousand cases. The reasons for their limited diffusion remain poorly understood: their emergence is estimated to have been as long ago as that of the HIV-1/M pandemic, and old cases of exportation to different continents have been identified for both groups. In France, more than a hundred cases have been identified thus far, mostly linked to Cameroon.

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Background: Due to the prevalence of HIV-1 group M and the endemicity of HIV-1 group O infections in Cameroon, patients may be infected with both viruses and/or with HIV-1/MO recombinant forms. Such atypical infections may be deleterious in terms of diagnosis and therapeutic management due to the high divergence of HIV-1/O. The aim of this study was to identify prospectively such atypical infections in Cameroon.

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Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) use their Nef proteins to counteract the restriction factor tetherin. However, a deletion in human tetherin prevents antagonism by the Nef proteins of SIVcpz and SIVgor, which represent the ape precursors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To promote virus release from infected cells, pandemic HIV-1 group M strains evolved Vpu as a tetherin antagonist, while the Nef protein of less widespread HIV-1 group O strains acquired the ability to target a region adjacent to this deletion.

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Background: The most important reason for measuring HIV-1 viral load (VL) is to monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), both for the initial therapeutic response and sustained responses. Maintaining low or undetectable HIV-1 VL levels can reduce both the risks of progression to AIDS and transmission of infection to others.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert(®) HIV-1 Viral Load (VL) assay compared to the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay, including assessing specificity by testing plasma specimens from confirmed HIV-1 negative blood donors.

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Performance Evaluation of the New HIV-1 Quantification Assay, Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load, on a Wide Panel of HIV-1 Variants.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr

August 2016

*Laboratoire de Virologie Associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, Département de Microbiologie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France; †GRAM, Equipe d'Accueil 2656, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation en Biomédecine, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France; and ‡COREVIH Haute-Normandie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France.

Objective: To evaluate the quantification performance of the new Cepheid GeneXpert HIV-1 viral load assay, on a wide panel of HIV-1 variants.

Methods: Clinical performance was evaluated relative to the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay on 285 HIV-1 seropositive samples selected to cover the assays quantification range (40 copies/mL-10,000,000 copies/mL), and included RNA undetectable or detected seropositive samples. The panel comprised 120 subtype B, 150 non-B, and 15 nontypable clinical samples; serial dilutions of 18 viral supernatants representative of the divergent viruses of HIV-1 groups N, O, and P were also tested.

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A Multiplex PCR Approach for Detecting Dual Infections and Recombinants Involving Major HIV Variants.

J Clin Microbiol

May 2016

Laboratoire de Virologie, Associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France GRAM EA2656, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France

The cocirculation of different HIV types and groups can lead to dual infections and recombinants, which hinder diagnosis and therapeutic management. We designed two multiplex PCRs (mPCRs) coupled with capillary electrophoresis to facilitate the detection of such infections. The first, MMO2, targets three variants (HIV-1/M, HIV-1/O, and HIV-2), and the second, MMO, targets HIV-1/M and HIV-1/O.

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Integrated data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) patterns, HBV genotypes and mutations are lacking in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) co-infected patients from Africa. This survey was conducted in 2010-2013 among 762 HIV-1-positive adults from Gabon who were predominantly treated with 3TC-based antiretroviral treatment. HBV patterns were identified using immunoassays detecting total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), IgM HBcAb, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb) and an in-house real-time PCR test for HBV DNA quantification.

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Comparison of the bioMérieux NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 v2.0-HIV-1 RNA quantification assay versus Abbott RealTime HIV-1 and Roche Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 v2.0 on current epidemic HIV-1 variants.

J Clin Virol

October 2015

Normandie Université, France; Université de Rouen, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale (IRIB), Equipe d'Accueil 2656, F-76183 Rouen, France; CHU de Rouen, Laboratoire de Virologie Associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, F-76031 Rouen, France. Electronic address:

Background: An improved version of the bioMérieux NucliSENS(®) EasyQ(®) HIV-1 v2.0 has been introduced to overcome the underquantification observed with previous versions, especially with non-B HIV-1 subtypes.

Objectives: Comparing bioMérieux NucliSENS(®) EasyQ(®) HIV-1 v2.

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The Two-Phase Emergence of Non Pandemic HIV-1 Group O in Cameroon.

PLoS Pathog

August 2015

Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France; EA 2656 GRAM, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France; Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.

Unlike the pandemic form of HIV-1 (group M), group O viruses are endemic in west central Africa, especially in Cameroon. However, little is known about group O's genetic evolution, and why this highly divergent lineage has not become pandemic. Using a unique and large set of group O sequences from samples collected from 1987 to 2012, we find that this lineage has evolved in successive slow and fast phases of diversification, with a most recent common ancestor estimated to have existed around 1930 (1914-1944).

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Plasma HIV-2 RNA According to CD4 Count Strata among HIV-2-Infected Adults in the IeDEA West Africa Collaboration.

PLoS One

April 2016

AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA7327, Paris, France.

Background: Plasma HIV-1 RNA monitoring is one of the standard tests for the management of HIV-1 infection. While HIV-1 RNA can be quantified using several commercial tests, no test has been commercialized for HIV-2 RNA quantification. We studied the relationship between plasma HIV-2 viral load (VL) and CD4 count in West African patients who were either receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) or treatment-naïve.

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Major differences exist between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of epidemiology, pathogenicity, sensitivity to antiretrovirals. Determining the type of HIV infecting a patient is essential for management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of simple/rapid tests to differentiate between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections.

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HIV-1 Group O Resistance Against Integrase Inhibitors.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr

September 2015

*McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; and †Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, Hôpital Charles Nicole, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France.

Background: HIV-1 group O (HIV-O) is a rare variant that is characterized by a high number of natural polymorphisms in the integrase coding region that may impact on susceptibility to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and on the emergence of resistance substitutions. We previously reported that HIV-O is more susceptible to RAL than HIV-1 group M (HIV-M).

Methods: The aim of this study was to assess pathways of resistance to INSTIs in group 0 variants.

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Background: Our study describes the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among 1318 French patients diagnosed at the time of primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) in 2007-12.

Methods: HIV-1 resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were characterized using both the 2009 WHO list of mutations and the French ANRS algorithm. A genotypic susceptibility score was estimated for each first-line recommended ART combination.

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NF-κB is essential for effective transcription of primate lentiviral genomes and also activates antiviral host genes. Here, we show that the early protein Nef of most primate lentiviruses enhances NF-κB activation. In contrast, the late protein Vpu of HIV-1 and its simian precursors inhibits activation of NF-κB, even in the presence of Nef.

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The presence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Western Europe is commonly attributed to migration of individuals from non-European countries, but the possible role of domestic infections with non-B subtypes is not well investigated. The French mandatory anonymous reporting system for HIV is linked to a virological surveillance using assays for recent infection (<6 months) and serotyping. During the first semester of years 2007 to 2010, any sample corresponding to a non-B recent infection was analyzed by sequencing a 415-bp env region, followed by phylogenetic analysis and search for transmission clusters.

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HIV-1 group O (HIV-O) is a rare HIV-1 variant characterized by a high number of polymorphisms, especially in the integrase coding region. As HIV-O integrase enzymes have not previously been studied, our aim was to assess the impact of HIV-O integrase polymorphisms on enzyme function and susceptibility to integrase inhibitors. Accordingly, we cloned and purified integrase proteins from each of HIV-1 group O clades A and B, an HIV-O divergent strain, and HIV-1 group M (HIV-M, subtype B), used as a reference.

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Performance of the Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test on clinical samples representing current epidemic HIV variants.

J Clin Microbiol

September 2014

Laboratoire de Virologie Associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France GRAM, Equipe d'Accueil 2656, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation en Biomédecine, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France

Screening for HIV infection has improved since the first immunoassays. Today, diagnosis of HIV infection can be performed with fourth-generation tests that track both the patient's antibodies and HIV antigen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the new DiaSorin Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag assay compared to another fourth-generation assay, the Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo kit.

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