High Intensity Drinking (HID) Assessed by Maximum Quantity Consumed Is an Important Pattern Measure Adding Predictive Value in Higher and Lower Income Societies for Modeling Alcohol-Related Problems.

Adjusting for demographics and standard drinking measures, High Intensity Drinking (HID), indexed by the maximum quantity consumed in a single day in the past 12 months, may be valuable in predicting alcohol dependence other harms across high and low income societies. The data consisted of 17 surveys of adult (15,460 current drinkers; 71% of total surveyed) in Europe (3), the Americas (8), Africa (2), and Asia/Australia (4). Gender-disaggregated country analyses used Poison regression to investigate whether HID (8-11, 12-23, 24+ drinks) was incrementally influential, beyond log drinking volume and HED (Heavy Episodic Drinking, or 5+ days), in predicting drinking problems, adjusting for age and marital status.

Do P2Y12 receptor inhibitors prescribed poststroke modify the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia? Protocol for a target trial using multiple national Swedish registries.

Introduction: The target of a class of antiplatelet medicines, P2Y12R inhibitors, exists both on platelets and on brain immune cells (microglia). This protocol aims to describe a causal (based on a counterfactual model) approach for analysing whether P2Y12R inhibitors prescribed for secondary prevention poststroke may increase the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia via their actions on microglia, using real-world evidence.

Methods And Analysis: This will be a cohort study nested within the Swedish National Health and Medical Registers, including all people with incident stroke from 2006 to 2016.

The stereotype content model and disabilities.

Using the stereotype content model and behavior from intergroup affect and stereotypes map model, we examined whether stereotype content directed toward specific disabilities conforms to the high warmth/low competence stereotype associated with "disabled people" or whether individual disabilities, or clusters, would elicit different stereotypes. Participants from the USA rated 12 disabilities on perceived warmth, competence, courage, emotions and behavioral tendencies. All disabilities, except schizophrenia and disability, were rated higher in warmth than competence.

Acceptability and Outcomes of the Cool Little Kids Parenting Group Program for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families Within an Australian Population-Based Study.

This feasibility study explored suitability of a preventive intervention for internalising problems in young children for culturally and linguistically diverse families in Australia. A subsample of 62 families whose main language at home was other than English was selected from a population-based randomised trial of the Cool Little Kids parenting program. The population trial recruited 545 inhibited preschool children.

Factors associated with nursing students' attitudes toward older people: A scoping review.

Nursing students rate geriatric nursing poorly in career preferences, but aging populations mean more older people require access to health care. Negative attitudes held by nursing students can lead to ageism affecting the quality of care provided. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize research findings in the published literature relating to factors associated with nursing students' attitudes toward older people, and the tools used to measure these attitudes.

Moral Injury, Australian Veterans and the Role of Chaplains: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Military personnel deployed to war zones or assigned to other morally challenging military duties are likely to be exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE) that may inflict a moral injury (MI). This qualitative study formed 'Phase 1' of a larger study into PMIEs experienced by Australian veterans and the potential pastoral/spiritual care role of chaplains. Two seminars were conducted that involved 10 veterans being interviewed and audio recorded about their deployment experiences to evaluate whether there was any evidence among Australian veterans of a PMIE.

Prediction of clinical anxious and depressive problems in mid childhood amongst temperamentally inhibited preschool children: a population study.

Shy/inhibited young children are at risk for internalising difficulties; however, for many, this temperamental style does not result in mental health problems. This study followed a population-based sample of temperamentally inhibited preschool children into mid childhood to explore the aetiology of clinical-level anxious and depressive problems. Amongst inhibited preschool children, we aimed to predict each of clinical child anxiety and depressive problems in mid childhood from a broad range of potential risks (demographics, traumatic events and broader recent stressors, parents' well-being, and parenting practices).

Greater variation of bacterial community structure in soybean- than maize-grown Mollisol soils in responses to seven-year elevated CO and temperature.

Changes in rhizodeposits of crops under elevated CO (eCO) and elevated temperature (eT) may substantially impact on soil microbial community, which in turn affects soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, the responses of soil bacterial community to long-term eCO and eT are not fully understood. A seven-year field experiment using open-top chambers was carried out with soybean (Glycine max L.

Plant material and its biochar differ in their effects on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in a subtropical forest soil.

Natural wildfires have a great effect on soil N transformation in subtropical forest. The pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) in forest soils is mainly derived from the plant material burnt during forest fires, which affects soil N composition, N mineralization and nitrification. This study examined the effects of typical fresh plant material (leaves and twigs of Castanopsis sclerophylla, representing litter) and its biochar (representing PyOM) on N mineralization and nitrification in a subtropical forest soil.

Effects of carbide slag, lodestone and biochar on the immobilization, plant uptake and translocation of As and Cd in a contaminated paddy soil.

The contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in paddy soils is widely reported and these two metals are difficult to be co-remediated due to the contrasting chemical behaviors. This poses a challenge to simultaneously decrease their availability in soil and accumulation in rice via immobilization by amendments, especially in in-situ fields. This study compared the effects of carbide slag, lodestone and biochar on the bioavailability of As and Cd in soil and their accumulation in rice tissues and root Fe-Mn plaque at tillering and mature stages in a paddy field.

The negative impact of cadmium on nitrogen transformation processes in a paddy soil is greater under non-flooding than flooding conditions.

Nitrification and denitrification are two important processes in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Under heavy-metal pollution with water management of paddy soils, these two processes are not well understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on N transformation under flooding and non-flooding conditions.

Fidelity protocol for the Action Success Knowledge (ASK) trial: a psychosocial intervention administered by speech and language therapists to prevent depression in people with post-stroke aphasia.

Introduction: Treatment fidelity is a complex, multifaceted evaluative process which refers to whether a studied intervention was delivered as intended. Monitoring and enhancing fidelity is one recommendation of the TiDIER (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) checklist, as fidelity can inform interpretation and conclusions drawn about treatment effects. Despite the methodological and translational benefits, fidelity strategies have been used inconsistently within health behaviour intervention studies; in particular, within aphasia intervention studies, reporting of fidelity remains relatively rare.

Elevated CO and temperature increase grain oil concentration but their impacts on grain yield differ between soybean and maize grown in a temperate region.

The increases in CO concentration and attendant temperature are likely to impact agricultural production. This study investigated the effects of elevated temperature alone and in combination with CO enrichment on grain yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max) and maize (Zea mays) grown in a Mollisol over five-year growing seasons. Plants were grown in open-top chambers with the ambient control, 2.

Brain Motor Control Assessment Post Early Intensive Hand Rehabilitation After Spinal Cord Injury.

The Brain Motor Control Assessment (BMCA) is a surface electromyography (sEMG)-based measure of motor output from the central nervous system during a variety of reflex and voluntary motor tasks. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of voluntary movements in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) to investigate whether BMCA could add more resolution to clinical assessments and the recovery path of these patients. Ten participants were recruited from the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Differences in transport behavior of natural soil colloids of contrasting sizes from nanometer to micron and the environmental implications.

Transport behaviors of nanoparticles (<100nm) and clay fractions (clay particles, <2μm; coarse clay particles, 1-2μm and fine clay particles, 0.1-1μm) extracted from two natural soils (Inceptisol from Jilin and Oxisol from Hainan, China) were investigated in saturated sand columns at 1-30mM NaCl and pH5-9. Increasing NaCl concentrations decreased the mobility, while increasing pH increased the mobility of soil particles of various sizes.

Improving soil nutrient availability increases carbon rhizodeposition under maize and soybean in Mollisols.

Rhizodeposited carbon (C) is an important source of soil organic C, and plays an important role in the C cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. However, interactive effects of plant species and soil nutrient availability on C rhizodeposition remain unclear. This experiment examined the effect of soil nutrient availability on C rhizodeposition of C4 maize and C3 soybean with contrasting photosynthetic capacity.