Lethal combats in the forest among wild western gorillas.

Lethal intergroup encounters occur in many species because of sexual selection. While documented in mountain gorillas, they are absent in western gorillas as, instead, it is predicted by their higher feeding (frugivory) and mate competition (single-vs. multi-male groups).

New disposable esthesiometer (KeraSenseⓇ) to improve diagnosis and management of neurotrophic keratitis.

Purpose: To validate the use, repeatability, and reproducibility of a new, cost-effective, disposable, sterile device (KeraSenseⓇ, Dompè farmaceutici SpA, Milan Italy) compared to Cochet-Bonnet (CB) esthesiometer. Secondly, to identify a simple, safe, rapid, and low-cost test to diagnose neurotrophic keratitis (NK).

Methods: 16 patients with diagnosis of NK stage I, 25 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 26 healthy subjects were included in the study.

IgE to cyclophilins in pollen-allergic children: Epidemiologic, clinical, and diagnostic relevance of a neglected panallergen.

Background: Cyclophilins are ubiquitous panallergens whose epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance is largely unknown and whose sensitization is rarely examined in routine allergy practice.

Objective: We investigated the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical relevance of cyclophilins in seasonal allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities.

Methods: We examined a random sample of 253 (25%) of 1263 Italian children with seasonal allergic rhinitis from the Panallergens in Pediatrics (PAN-PED) cohort with characterized disease phenotypes.

"Functional Rhinofiller": Improvement of Nasal Airflow with Rhinofiller-A Retrospective Review.

Introduction: Rhinofiller is an aesthetic medical technique that can significantly enhance facial aesthetics by employing hyaluronic acid infiltration. The aim of this study is to review the impact of aesthetic rhinofiller on nasal airflow.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 63 consecutive patients.

Arthroscopic Physeal Sparing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis With Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among young patients have increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to present a physeal-sparing intra- and extra-articular reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons autograft. In recent years, the management of these injuries in the pediatric population has become increasingly surgical to restore knee function and reduce the risk of meniscal and chondral injury due to persistent knee instability.

Outcomes and Techniques of Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy (RAPN) for Renal Hilar Masses: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is increasingly being employed in the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and it is expanding in the field of complex renal tumors. The aim of this systematic review was to consolidate and assess the results of RAPN when dealing with entirely central hilar masses and to examine the various methods used to address the surgical difficulties associated with them. : A thorough literature search in September 2023 across various databases focused on RAPN for renal hilar masses, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.

Renal Expression and Localization of the Receptor for (Pro)renin and Its Ligands in Rodent Models of Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Age-Dependent Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.

The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR), a versatile protein found in various organs, including the kidney, is implicated in cardiometabolic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, potentially contributing to organ damage. Importantly, changes in (pro)renin/(P)RR system localization during renal injury, a critical information base, remain unexplored. This study investigates the expression and topographic localization of the full length (FL)-(P)RR, its ligands (renin and prorenin), and its target cyclooxygenase-2 and found that they are upregulated in three distinct animal models of renal injury.

Single-port robot-assisted simple prostatectomy: techniques and outcomes.

Purpose: To describe the surgical techniques and to analyse the outcomes of single-port robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (SP RASP) procedure for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: Three databases (PubMed®, Web of Science™, and Scopus®) were queried to identify studies reporting on the technical aspects and outcomes of SP RASP. Different combinations of keywords were used, according to a free-text protocol, to identify retrospective and prospective studies, both comparative and non-comparative, systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) describing surgical techniques for SP RASP and the associated surgical and functional outcomes.

Brain Functional Correlates of Resting Hypnosis and Hypnotizability: A Review.

This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis.

ICNIRP Statement on Short Wavelength Light Exposure from Indoor Artificial Sources and Human Health.

Concerns have been raised about the possibility of effects from exposure to short wavelength light (SWL), defined here as 380-550 nm, on human health. The spectral sensitivity of the human circadian timing system peaks at around 480 nm, much shorter than the peak sensitivity of daytime vision (i.e.

Phthalate levels in common sea anemone Actinia equina and Anemonia viridis: A proxy of short-term microplastic interaction?

Phthalates are widely employed plasticizers blended to plastic polymers that, during plastic aging and weathering are prone to leach in the surrounding environment. Thus, phthalates were proposed to indirectly evaluate MPs contamination in marine environments, with still uncertain and scarce data, particularly for wildlife. This study investigates simultaneously microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs) occurrence in wild Actinia equina and Anemonia viridis, two common and edible sea anemone species.

The Association between Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Blood Pressure in an Italian Population of School-Aged Children and Adolescents with Lipid Disorders.

Many anthropometric measurements have been investigated concerning their association with blood pressure (BP) in paediatric age groups. This study aims to find a relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and BP in a population of children and adolescents aged 1-18 years. 5853 subjects (2977 females and 2876 males) were studied.

Current Expectations and Opinions on Single-port Robotic Surgery: A Survey Among European Experts by the SPARC Collaborative Group.

Unlabelled: Single-port (SP) robotic surgery is a relatively new technology that is expected to become available on the European market within a year. We investigated the current expectations of robotic surgery experts and opinion leaders practicing in Europe. A 17-item online questionnaire was sent to 120 participants identified as "experts" on the basis of their general contributions to the field of robotic surgery.

Congenital Malformations of the Eye: A Pictorial Review and Clinico-Radiological Correlations.

Congenital malformations of the eye represent a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of abnormalities that may be part of a complex syndrome or be isolated. Ocular malformation severity depends on the timing of the causative event during eye formation, ranging from the complete absence of the eye if injury occurs during the first weeks of gestation, to subtle abnormalities if the cause occurs later on. Knowledge of ocular malformations is crucial to performing a tailored imaging protocol and correctly reporting imaging findings.

Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy: A Population-Based Analysis of Contemporary Trends, Outcomes, Costs, and Impact of Social Determinants of Health.

Introduction: We sought to analyze temporal trends in the utilization of minimally invasive vs open adrenalectomy in the United States; to assess costs, perioperative outcomes, and the determining factors influencing these variables.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of claims data obtained from PearlDiver Mariner, a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant deidentified nationwide database of insurance billing records, was performed. Per-population utilization rates and trends were analyzed using negative binomial regression and trends tests respectively.

Incidence of Rotavirus-Related Hospitalizations in an Italian Southern Region from 2015 to 2021.

(1) Background: Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea and dehydration in infants and young children worldwide. The economic and social burden of rotavirus-related hospitalizations, particularly among children, remains a pressing concern for healthcare systems across the globe. Healthcare infrastructure and access to medical care can vary significantly within the region.

Exploring the Interplay of Working Memory, Apathy, and Mood/Emotional Factors.

Background: Previous investigations on healthy humans showed conflicting evidence regarding the impact of mood on working memory performance. A systematic investigation of how mood affects apathy levels in healthy participants is currently missing.

Methods: We administered a visuospatial (VS) and a numerical (N) n-back task to a sample of 120 healthy individuals.

Anderson-Fabry Disease: Red Flags for Early Diagnosis of Cardiac Involvement.

Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a lysosome storage disorder resulting from an X-linked inheritance of a mutation in the galactosidase A (GLA) gene encoding for the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-GAL A). This mutation results in a deficiency or absence of α-GAL A activity, with a progressive intracellular deposition of glycosphingolipids leading to organ dysfunction and failure. Cardiac damage starts early in life, often occurring sub-clinically before overt cardiac symptoms.

Motivation to Avoid Uncertainty, Implicit Person Theories about the Malleability of Human Attributes and Attitudes toward Women as Leaders vs. Followers: A Mediational Analysis.

This research investigated the relation between motivation to avoid uncertainty, as reflected in the need for cognitive closure, implicit theories about the malleability of human attributes, and attitudes toward women as leaders vs. followers. In a cross-sectional study (N = 470) conducted in Italy, we hypothesized and found that the need for cognitive closure directly enhanced the belief that women are compatible with followership roles rather than leadership roles.

IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) in childhood: Prevalence, risk factors, putative origins.

Background: IgE antibodies to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) are usually clinically irrelevant but they can be a cause of false positive outcomes of allergen-specific IgE tests in vitro. Their prevalence and levels have been so far cross-sectionally examined among adult allergic patients and much less is known about their origins and relevance in childhood.

Methods: We examined CCD with a cross-sectional approach in 1263 Italian pollen allergic children (Panallergen in Paediatrics, PAN-PED), as well as with a longitudinal approach in 612 German children (Multicenter Allergy Study, MAS), whose cutaneous and IgE sensitization profile to a broad panel of allergen extracts and molecules was already known.

A high level of scientific evidence is available to guide treatment of primary shoulder stiffness: The SIAGASCOT consensus.

Purpose: Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a condition characterised by active and passive restricted glenohumeral range of motion, which can occur spontaneously in an idiopathic manner or be associated with a known underlying aetiology. Several treatment options are available and currently no consensus has been obtained on which treatment algorithm represents the best choice for the patient. Herein we present the results of a national consensus on the treatment of primary SS.