Uptake of eye care services in South India: Retrospective mapping of self-reported barriers using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Introduction: Understanding barriers to seeking eye care and providing evidence-based theory-informed solutions can improve the uptake of eye care services. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aim to report and analyse barriers to seeking eye care services among individuals with vision impairment in the Akividu region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods: Out of the 3000 enumerated participants, a total of 2587 were examined.

Tenon's patch graft for sterile perforation: follow-up with serial, high-resolution, anterior-segment, optical coherence tomography.

Management of corneal perforation depends on the size, location and cause of the lesion. Smaller perforations can be managed with tissue adhesives (TAs), amniotic membrane transplantation or Tenon's patch graft (TPG). Tenon's capsule is an autologous transplant and, as such, does not require to be supplied by an eye bank support.

Clinical characteristics and optical coherence tomography features of ocular toxoplasmosis inHIV-positive patients: report 1.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the various clinical characteristics and ocular imaging features of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in HIV patients.

Methods: Observational retrospective study of 52 eyes of 38 HIV patients with OT.

Results: 68% of patients were male.

The Human Cornea: Unraveling Its Structural, Chemical, and Biochemical Complexities.

The cornea, the transparent part of the anterior eye, is vital for light refraction and vision. This review examines the intricate chemical and biochemical interactions essential for maintaining corneal transparency and highlights significant advancements in corneal biology. The cornea comprises five layers: the epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium, each contributing uniquely to its structure and function.

Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Adult-Onset Coats Disease.

To study the clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of patients 35 years or older diagnosed with Coats disease. A cross-sectional observational hospital-based study was performed. The study included 74 eyes diagnosed with adult-onset Coats disease.

Bilateral Anti-VEGF on Same-Day-Investigation on Safety in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To report an incidence of procedure-related complications in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal anti-VEGFs injection in both eyes on the same day.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter case series.

Subjects: Preterm infants with ROP treated with anti-VEGF bilaterally on the same day.

Four-Year Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship Between Myopia and Retinal Shape in Chinese Children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between myopia and retinal shape in Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 2471 seven-year-old Chinese children were measured for axial length, anterior corneal radius of curvature, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, central spherical equivalent, and peripheral refractions along the horizontal meridian (±15°, ±30°) under cycloplegia. Retinal shape was fitted using vertex radius of curvature, asphericity, and an offset.

Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by .

We report a case of a late adolescent female who presented to us with complaints of acute, painful loss of vision in her left eye. Her visual acuity (VA) had reduced to perception of hand movements within a week. Slit lamp examination and ultrasonography revealed that the patient had endophthalmitis.

Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, 15yr Follow up.

To evaluate the 15 year incidence and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and identify risk factors among Indian population. From a cross-sectional study of 1425 subjects, 911 participants took part in the 4-year follow-up. Out of these 911 participants, 140 returned for the 15-year follow-up, with baseline examinations conducted between 2003 and 2006, and subsequent follow-ups occurring from 2007 to 2011 and the current 15-year follow-up from 2018 to 2021.

Clinical characteristics, risk factor analysis and outcomes in 61 eyes with graft rejection after descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty, with a review of literature.

Purpose: To report the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of graft rejection after DSEK.

Methods: A total of 3073 eyes had DSEK between 2012 and 2019, of which 1710 eyes that had follow up of more than one year. Sixty-one eyes who had graft rejection during this period were studied.

Antifungal resistance, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in ocular infections due to common melanized fungi and in South India.

Melanized fungi were rarely studied for their antifungal resistance (AFR) or clinical outcome, despite rising incidence of melanized fungal ocular infections and AFR in general. We report the antifungal resistance patterns, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in two commonly isolated melanized fungi from ocular infections, and , at a tertiary eyecare centre in South India..

The Potential Role of Exosomes in Ocular Surface and Lacrimal Gland Regeneration.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial disease of the lacrimal system, manifests itself in patients with various symptoms such as itching, inflammation, discomfort and visual impairment. In its most severe forms, it results in the breakdown of the vital tissues of lacrimal functional unit and carries the risk of vision loss. Despite the frequency of occurrence of the disease, there are no effective curative treatment options available to date.

Chandelier-assisted bimanual technique for securing infusion in eyes with hazy media.

Purpose: Hazy media with resultant difficulties in visualisation hamper the surgical approach and outcomes in various vitreoretinal surgical scenarios, including eyes with keratoprosthesis in situ. We propose a novel chandelier-assisted bimanual infusion using a flute needle to overcome the inability to secure infusion safely in such eyes.

Methods: The surgical technique was performed with the assistance of chandelier illumination.

Ultrastructural polymicrobial interactions and antimicrobial resistance in cornea model.

To investigate antagonistic interactions among pathogens, in donor corneas infected with monomicrobial or polymicrobial combinations of antibiotic susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of (MSSA, MRSA) and (S-PA, MDR-PA). Scanning electron microscopy and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST, broth microdilution for minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations [MIC/MBC]) pre-and post-polymicrobial interactions, in infected donor corneas. MSSA lost viability with S-PA/MDR-PA, while MRSA formed larger cells, biofilm and lower MIC (teicoplanin) with S-PA, but lost viability with MDR-PA.

Age-Associated Alterations in the Metabolome of Human Vitreous in Bacterial Endophthalmitis.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammatory condition due to intraocular infections that often leads to irreversible blindness. This study aimed to understand the age-dependent metabolic alterations in the vitreous of patients with bacterial endophthalmitis.

Methods: The study included the vitreous metabolome of patients with bacterial endophthalmitis (group 1, n = 15) and uninfected controls (group 2, n = 14), which were further stratified into three groups according to their age: young (0-30 years), middle (31-60 years), and elderly (>60 years).

The Secondary Childhood Glaucomas.

The secondary childhood glaucomas are a heterogenous group, often associated with other ocular or systemic abnormalities. These childhood glaucomas are distinct from primary childhood glaucomas, both in terms of their clinical features and their response to conventional treatment. Surgical management can be challenging in children with secondary glaucoma.

Primary orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma: a study of 54 Asian Indian patients.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of orbital and adnexal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in an Asian-Indian cohort and analyze the factors predictive of outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 54 patients of histopathology-proven RMS.

Results: The mean age of presentation with RMS was 10 years (median, 7 years; range, <1-54 years).

Applicability of ISNT rule to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by SD-OCT in normal subjects.

Aim: The usefulness of the Inferior>Superior>Nasal>Temporal (ISNT) rule for the neuroretinal rim (NRR) has been widely used in differentiating normal eyes from glaucoma, but only a few studies have assessed whether this classical ISNT rule applies to the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). This study aimed to determine the applicability of the ISNT rule for the peripapillary RNFL thickness in normal eyes using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and assess if variants of the ISNT rule apply.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 eyes of 62 healthy subjects who fulfilled the study criteria.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Ocular Oncology, Retinoblastoma (ArMOR): Experience with a Multiracial Cohort.

The color variation in fundus images from differences in melanin concentrations across races can affect the accuracy of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models. Hence, we studied the performance of our AI model (with proven efficacy in an Asian-Indian cohort) in a multiracial cohort for detecting and classifying intraocular RB (iRB). Retrospective observational study.

Widefield Retinal Imaging in Gyrate Atrophy: Correlation of Structural, Biochemical, and Functional Characteristics.

Objective: To profile a cohort of gyrate atrophy patients classified by widefield retinal imaging and correlate the structural, biochemical, and functional characteristics.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Participants: Sixty-five patients (129 eyes) with gyrate atrophy.

Gut and intraocular fluid dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes-related retinopathy in India: A case for further research.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between gut microbiome, gut mycobiome, and intraocular (aqueous humor) microbiome dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: Multiple case-control studies.

Methods: We evaluated three groups of people: healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM without retinopathy, and those with DR.

Optometric education in India: addressing the needs of three billion eyes.

Optometry, a nearly century-old profession in India, plays an important role in determining the eye health status in the country. Professional regulation is in sight for optometry through the establishment of the National Commission for Allied and Healthcare Professions Act (NCAHP), 2021. The review offers critical insights on the present status of Indian optometric education - its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats - and identifies several areas of improvement for continued growth.