Green Synthesis and Biological Aspect of Seven-Membered Azepine Hybrids: A Recent Update".

Seven-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles, particularly azepine-based compounds, represent an intriguing class of molecules with vast arrays of applications. These compounds have garnered considerable attention in synthetic and medicinal chemistry due to their non-planar, non-aromatic features, which offer structural flexibility and diversity to design new drugs with improved pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of azepine derivatives, including eco-friendly methodologies that align with the principles of green chemistry, which emphasize atom economy, sustainability, and waste reduction.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cutaneous Adverse Events: Mechanisms of Occurrence.

Immunotherapy, particularly that based on blocking checkpoint proteins in many tumors, including melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), triple-negative breast (TNB cancer), renal cancer, and gastrointestinal and endometrial neoplasms, is a therapeutic alternative to chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies have the potential to target different pathways leading to the destruction of cancer cells. Although ICIs are an effective treatment strategy for patients with highly immune-infiltrated cancers, the development of different adverse effects including cutaneous adverse effects during and after the treatment with ICIs is common.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis, Pain Management, and Novel Treatment Options: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder predominantly affecting individuals of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern descent, including those with certain heritages including Sephardic Jewish, Armenian, Turkish, and Arab. The disorder affects up to 1 in 200 people making it a very common etiology for pain states worldwide, including serositis mediated painful states of the chest, joint, and abdomen.

Recent Findings: Defined by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation, FMF can lead to not only severe pain, but complications such as renal amyloidosis, if untreated.

Influence of Obesity, Race and Gender on Radiation Exposure for Epidural Procedures.

Purpose Of Review: This retrospective, case controlled, comparative evaluation review of radiation exposure during epidural procedures in interventional pain management assessed variations in radiation exposure based on obesity, race, and gender.

Recent Findings: Numerous publications have shown increasing radiation exposure based on body mass index (BMI). However, the influence of race and gender have not been studied.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Prevention and Treatment of Post-Herpetic Neuralgia: A Narrative Review.

The present investigation evaluated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the non-pharmacological treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). PHN is the most common complication of the Herpes Zoster virus, affecting one in every five patients with shingles, and presents as intense neuropathic pain that can persist for 90 days or longer after the initial onset of symptoms. Current pharmacological treatment options are mainly limited to symptom management, including oral medications such as tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentinoid preparations, as well as topical options such as lidocaine or capsaicin.

Decoding RAS mutations in thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis unveils specific links to distant metastasis and increased mortality.

Background/objectives: RAS mutations are common in thyroid cancer, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RAS mutations in thyroid cancer and their association with various clinical and pathological features.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting on RAS mutations in thyroid cancer.

Influence of antibody-drug conjugate cleavability, drug-to-antibody ratio, and free payload concentration on systemic toxicities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

While in theory antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver high-dose chemotherapy directly to target cells, numerous side effects are observed in clinical practice. We sought to determine the effect of linker design (cleavable versus non-cleavable), drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), and free payload concentration on systemic toxicity. Two systematic reviews were performed via PubMed search of clinical trials published between January 1998-July 2022.

Home dialysis: there's no place like home.

Purpose Of Review: The rapid rise in incidence and prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) over the past 50 years was matched by a drop-off in use of home dialysis and a proliferation of in-center hemodialysis across the United States. There is renewed interest in improving access to home dialysis modalities for patients with ESKD. The aim of this review is to update kidney care providers with clinical outcome data and new guidelines that promote patient-centered choices, and to address barriers to home dialysis uptake and continued use.

LIV selection in 'tweener' patients treated with magnetically controlled growing rods vs. posterior spinal fusion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the LIV selection in 'tweener' patients treated with MCGR or PSF.

Methods: A multicenter pediatric spine database was queried for ambulatory patients ages 8-11 years treated by MCGR or PSF with at least 2-year follow-up. The relationship between the LIV and preoperative spinal height, curve magnitude, and implant type were assessed.

Discovery of novel fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors as anti-alzheimer agents via in-silico-based drug design, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, DFT, and non-clinical studies.

Aim: To identify some novel fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors that may contribute to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In-silico pharmacophore modelling including ligand-based pharmacophore modelling, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics modelling, density functional theory and in-silico pharmacokinetics and toxicological studies were employed for the retrieving of novel FAAH inhibitors. Further, these compounds were evaluated for FAAH inhibitory activity using an in vitro enzymatic assay, and later, an in vivo streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD model was examined in mice.

Does Metabolic Manager Show Encouraging Outcomes in Alzheimer's?: Challenges and Opportunity for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b Inhibitors.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (PTP1b) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) enzyme group and encoded as PTP1N gene. Studies have evidenced an overexpression of the PTP1b enzyme in metabolic syndrome, anxiety, schizophrenia, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. PTP1b inhibitor negatively regulates insulin and leptin pathways and has been explored as an antidiabetic agent in various clinical trials.

A unique strain to study gastric cancer development.

colonizes a majority of the human population worldwide and can trigger development of a variety of gastric diseases. Since the bacterium is classified as a carcinogen, elucidation of the characteristics of that influence gastric carcinogenesis is a high priority. To this end, the Mongolian gerbil infection model has proven to be an important tool to study gastric cancer progression.

From Surviving to Thriving: Key Considerations for Weight Control Across Diverse Cancer Survivorship Populations.

Background: Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease of excess adiposity that increases the risk of dying from at least 16 types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased more rapidly in cancer survivors compared with the general population. Tailored weight management strategies are needed to improve prognosis and health outcomes in the growing population of cancer survivors.

Models of DEIB: Part I - Approaches to Inclusion from Other Health Professions for Consideration by Dentistry.

This article represents a prologue of the discussion of the article "Models of DEIB: Part II-Exploring Models of Inclusion from other Health Professions for Dentistry". It explores existing practices and philosophies from other disciplines that could be applied toward creating environments of inclusion and belonging in dentistry. The primary focus here is to provide an opportunity for the dental profession to leverage knowledge and experiences from other health professions to enhance and expand inclusion efforts and provide enhance engagement at all levels.

Inclusivity in Mentorship: Shifting Paradigms of Inclusion in Dental Education.

The article explores the evolution and significance of mentoring, drawing from Greek mythology, particularly the story of Odysseus and Mentor. It defines mentoring as a developmental relationship beneficial for mentees, mentors, and organizations, particularly in academia and health care. The article covers various mentoring models, including traditional, peer, reverse, group, e-mentoring, and the mosaic model, emphasizing inclusivity and cultural responsiveness.

The "I" in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: The Challenge of Inclusivity in Dentistry.

Inclusion is an essential part of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Dentistry's history has been such that the profession has experienced inclusion and exclusion, sometimes by choice and sometimes by the actions of others. This study reviews the concept of inclusion in the context of the current need to create inclusive environments for a workforce that is culturally and structurally sound to serve all patients, including the underrepresented or marginalized, in integrated health care.

The Impact of Anesthesia on Dermatological Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

Anesthesia is an essential component of dermatologic procedures, influencing pain management and patient outcomes, including wound healing, infection control, and cosmetic appearance. This review examines the impact of various anesthetic techniques, topical, local, regional, and general, on dermatological outcomes. The findings reveal that while local anesthesia is preferred due to its efficacy and safety, specialized considerations are necessary for pediatric, geriatric, and high-risk patients.

Obesity Medications and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review.

Obesity is a major global issue linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While lifestyle changes are the primary treatment, medications are often required for long-term weight management and reducing risk in patients with obesity. The cardiovascular effects of many obesity medications are still being studied.