Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints?

The surfaces of cells and enveloped viruses alike are coated in carbohydrates that play multifarious roles in infection and immunity. Organisms across all kingdoms of life make use of a diverse set of monosaccharide subunits, glycosidic linkages, and branching patterns to encode information within glycans. Accordingly, sugar-patterning enzymes and glycan binding proteins play integral roles in cell and organismal biology, ranging from glycoprotein quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum to lymphocyte migration, coagulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.

The expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in developing, benign, and cancerous prostatic tissues.

Background: Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer (PCa). However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2.

The expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in developing, benign, and cancerous prostatic tissues.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer. However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2.

Spatially Resolved Metabolites in Stable and Unstable Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Identified by Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Background: Impairments in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism drive features of plaque instability. However, where these impairments occur within the atheroma remains largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to characterize the spatial distribution of metabolites within stable and unstable atherosclerosis in both the fibrous cap and necrotic core.

Bordetella bronchiseptica diguanylate cyclase BdcB inhibits the type three secretion system and impacts the immune response.

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative bacterium that causes respiratory diseases in different animals, including mice, making B. bronchiseptica the gold-standard model to investigate host-pathogen interaction at the molecular level. B.

Older Patient Receptivity to the Integration of Patient Portals and Telehealth in Urogynecology: Promoters and Deterrents.

Importance: Limited studies focus on the integration of online portals, including telehealth services, in urogynecology while identifying promoters and deterrents of utilization, especially for the older population.

Objective: This study aimed to identify facilitators, concerns, technical or personal issues encountered, and the desired features of the online patient portals among older urogynecology patients.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of older patients (≥65 years).

spp. utilize the type 3 secretion system to manipulate the VIP/VPAC2 signaling and promote colonization and persistence of the three classical in the lower respiratory tract.

Introduction: are respiratory pathogens comprised of three classical species: , and . With recent surges in spp. cases and antibiotics becoming less effective to combat infectious diseases, there is an imperative need for novel antimicrobial therapies.

Crossing the Worm-Brain Barrier by Using to Explore Fundamentals of Human Psychiatric Illness.

Endophenotypes and Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) represent recent efforts to deconvolute psychiatric illnesses into fundamental symptom clusters or biological markers more closely linked to genetic influences. By taking this one step farther, these biomarkers can be reduced to protophenotypes - endophenotypes conserved during evolution - with counterparts in lower organisms including and . Striking conservation in of genes that increase the risk for mental illness bolsters the relevance of this model system for psychiatric research.

Insulin Signaling Deficiency Produces Immobility in That Models Diminished Motivation States in Man and Responds to Antidepressants.

Defects in insulin signaling have been reported in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, which also share certain negative symptoms such as avolition, anhedonia, and apathy. These symptoms reflect diminished motivational states, which have been modeled in rodents as increased immobility in the forced swimming test. We have discovered that loss-of-function mutations in the insulin receptor () and syntaxin () genes in , brief food deprivation, and exposure to DMSO produce immobility and avolition in non-dauer adults.