Development and evaluation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction in real-time for differential diagnosis of -induced keratoconjunctivitis in livestock.

Background And Aim: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a prevalent ocular disease that affects livestock, leading to substantial economic losses due to reduced production and culling of infected animals. spp. is common bacterial pathogens that can cause keratoconjunctivitis in livestock.

An immunoinformatics study reveals a new BoLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes on the Gag protein of bovine leukemia virus.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which has been reported worldwide. The expression of viral structural proteins: surface glycoprotein (gp51) and three core proteins - p15 (matrix), p24 (capsid), and p12 (nucleocapsid) induce a strong humoral and cellular immune response at first step of infection. CD4+ T-cell activation is generally induced by bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) region- positive antigen-presenting cells (APC) after processing of an exogenous viral antigen.

Molecular Characterization of Bovine Leukemia Virus with the Evidence of a New Genotype Circulating in Cattle from Kazakhstan.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and has worldwide distribution. Infections with BLV have been reported in cattle from Kazakhstan but the virus has not yet been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we detect and estimate the level of BLV proviral DNA by qPCR in DNA samples from 119 cattle naturally infected with BLV, from 18 farms located in four different geographical regions of Kazakhstan.

The epizootic situation of cattle moraxellosis in several economic entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Background And Aim: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; conjunctivitis) is a widespread eye disease in cattle. In 1960, the Gram-negative bacillus was discovered as one of IBK's etiological causal agents. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiological (epizootic) situation of cattle moraxellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Helminth Parasites of Fish of the Kazakhstan Sector of the Caspian Sea and Associated Drainage Basin.

The northern section of the Caspian Sea is an important fishery for Kazakhstan. In the present study, a total of 606 individuals of 13 fish species were collected. For each of , , , , , , , , , , , and 50 individuals were examined whilst 6 individuals of were examined.

Complete Coding Sequence of a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Strain Isolated during the 2016 Outbreak in Kazakhstan.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes an economically important disease in cattle. Here, we report the complete coding sequence of the LSDV isolate Kubash/KAZ/16, detected in a clinical sample from an infected cow from the outbreak reported on 7 July 2016 in Kazakhstan (Atyrau Region).