Sexually Dimorphic Role for Insular Perineuronal Nets in Aversion-Resistant Ethanol Consumption.

Compulsive alcohol drinking is a key symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) that is particularly resistant to treatment. An understanding of the biological factors that underly compulsive drinking will allow for the development of new therapeutic targets for AUD. One animal model of compulsive alcohol drinking involves the addition of bitter-tasting quinine to an ethanol solution and measuring the willingness of the animal to consume ethanol despite the aversive taste.

Inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ reduces chronic ethanol intake in adolescent mice and modulates ethanol effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and glial responses in a sex-dependent manner.

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that modulates ethanol drinking and reward and regulates glial responses in different contexts. PTN is an inhibitor of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ. Inhibition of RPTPβ/ζ reduces binge-like drinking in adult male mice.

Use of Telemedicine for Postdischarge Assessment of the Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, and Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardized assessment tools are needed.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery.

Clinical Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics following Laser Refractive Surgery in Myopic Eyes: A Review of the Literature.

The role of corneal biomechanics in laser vision correction (LVC) is currently being raised in the assessment of postoperative corneal ectasia risk. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics after LVC procedures based on a systematic review of current studies. The results of a search of the literature in the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were selected for final consideration according to the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.

Unexpected ocular morphological changes after corneal refractive surgery: A review.

Corneal refractive surgery (CRS) currently is widely used to correct refractive errors because of its efficacy and reliability. Several studies dealt with the corneal modification induced by this type of surgery, but it is still debated if CRS can induce unexpected changes namely anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL). A literature review was performed, including all articles regarding CRS and eye-variations from 1999 to December 2021.

Formation of In-Plane Semiconductor-Metal Contacts in 2D Platinum Telluride by Converting PtTe to PtTe.

Monolayer PtTe is a narrow gap semiconductor while PtTe is a metal. Here we show that the former can be transformed into the latter by reaction with vapor-deposited Pt atoms. The transformation occurs by nucleating the PtTe phase within PtTe islands, so that a metal-semiconductor junction is formed.

Increased Aurora B expression reduces substrate phosphorylation and induces chromosomal instability.

Increased Aurora B protein expression, which is common in cancers, is expected to increase Aurora B kinase activity, yielding elevated phosphorylation of Aurora B substrates. In contrast, here we show that elevated expression of Aurora B reduces phosphorylation of six different Aurora B substrates across three species and causes defects consistent with Aurora B inhibition. Complexes of Aurora B and its binding partner INCENP autophosphorylate in trans to achieve full Aurora B activation.

In vivo confocal microscopy of sub-basal corneal nerves and corneal densitometry after three kinds of refractive procedures for high myopia.

Purpose: To observe corneal nerve fibers and densitometry after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for high myopia.

Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional research study. Patients with high myopia (equivalent spherical lens: -6.

Effectiveness of Laser Refractive Surgery to Address Anisometropic Amblyogenic Refractive Error in Children: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To review the published literature assessing the safety and effectiveness of laser refractive surgery to treat anisometropic amblyogenic refractive error in children aged ≤ 18 years.

Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted in October 2021 with no date limitations and restricted to publications in English. The search yielded 137 articles, 69 of which were reviewed in full text.

Long-term visual quality after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for low myopia.

Background: Few studies have reported the visual outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for myopia correction. This study aims to compare the visual quality and corneal wavefront aberrations after SMILE and LASEK for low-myopia correction.

Methods: In this prospective study, we included 29 eyes of 29 patients who received SMILE and 23 eyes of 23 patients who received LASEK between June 2018 and January 2019.

Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children (6-11 years): data from a French multicentre retrospective cohort in daily practice.

Background: Dupilumab is the first biotherapy available for the treatment of moderate-to-severe childhood atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in daily practice.

Methods: Patients aged 6-11, who had received a first dose of dupilumab, were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Children with psoriasis and COVID-19: factors associated with an unfavourable COVID-19 course, and the impact of infection on disease progression (Chi-PsoCov registry).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions regarding the management of chronic skin diseases, especially in patients on systemic treatments. Data concerning the use of biologics in adults with psoriasis are reassuring, but data specific to children are missing. Moreover, COVID-19 could impact the course of psoriasis in children.

The Development of a Comprehensive Mental Health Service for Medical Trainees.

Mental distress in medical learners and its consequent harmful effects on personal and professional functioning, a well-documented concern, draws attention to the need for solutions. The authors review the development of a comprehensive mental health service within a large and complex academic medical education system, created with special attention to offering equitable, accessible, and responsive care to all trainees. From the inception of the service in January 2017, the authors placed particular emphasis on eliminating obstacles to learners' willingness and ability to access care, including concerns related to cost, session limits, privacy, and flexibility with modality of service delivery.

Femtosecond laser assisted superficial lamellar keratectomy as a successful treatment of corneal opacity in a patient with Thiel Behnke corneal dystrophy.

Introduction And Importance: Thiel Behnke corneal dystrophy (TBCD) and Reis Buckler corneal dystrophy (RBCD) are Bowman's layer dystrophies with overlapping clinical features causing diagnostic confusion. However, each entity has typical histopathological features. We describe in this case the successful use of Femtosecond laser (FSL) in the treatment of TBCD-related corneal opacity.

Controlling Stoichiometry in Ultrathin van der Waals Films: PtTe, PtTe, PtTe, and PtTe.

The platinum-tellurium phase diagram exhibits various (meta)stable van der Waals (vdW) materials that can be constructed by stacking PtTe and PtTe layers. Monophase PtTe, being the thermodynamically most stable compound, can readily be grown as thin films. Obtaining the other phases (PtTe, PtTe, PtTe), especially in their ultimate thin form, is significantly more challenging.

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study.

Background: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.

Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer.

Laser-based refractive surgery techniques to treat myopia in adults. An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are of great importance for basing clinical decisions. However, misleading interpretations may result when informed decisions rest on biased review papers with methodological issues. To evaluate which treatment is optimal, an overview was made of SRs and MAs to establish the quality and certainty of meta-evidence published on the efficacy of laser-based refractive surgery techniques for treating myopia in adults.

Targeted epigenomic editing ameliorates adult anxiety and excessive drinking after adolescent alcohol exposure.

Adolescent binge drinking is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders later in life including alcohol use disorder. Adolescent alcohol exposure induces epigenetic reprogramming at the enhancer region of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) immediate-early gene, known as synaptic activity response element (SARE), and decreases expression in the amygdala of both rodents and humans. The causal role of amygdalar epigenomic regulation at SARE in adult anxiety and drinking after adolescent alcohol exposure is unknown.