High rates of deferring antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV and substance use disorders: Results from a national sample of HIV physicians in Ukraine.

Background: HIV incidence and mortality are increasing in Ukraine despite their reductions globally, in part due to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in key populations of people with HIV (PWH) where the epidemic is concentrated. As physicians are gatekeepers to ART prescription, stigma and discrimination barriers are understudied as a key to meeting HIV treatment targets in key populations.

Methods: A national sample (N = 204) of ART-prescribing physicians in Ukraine were surveyed between August and November 2019.

Identification of novel antistaphylococcal hit compounds.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common nosocomial biofilm-forming pathogens worldwide that has developed resistance mechanisms against majority of the antibiotics. Therefore, the search of novel antistaphylococcal agents with unexploited mechanisms of action, especially with antibiofilm activity, is of great interest. Seryl-tRNA synthetase is recognized as a promising drug target for the development of antibacterials.

RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Enisamium for Treatment of Moderate COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blind Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

Enisamium is an orally available therapeutic that inhibits influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of enisamium treatment combined with standard care in adult, hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 requiring external oxygen. Hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were randomly assigned to receive either enisamium (500 mg per dose, four times a day) or a placebo.

Identification of novel small-molecular inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A using hybrid virtual screening.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most dangerous pathogens commonly associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Sortase A is considered as a promising molecular target for the development of antistaphylococcal agents. Using hybrid virtual screening approach and FRET analysis, we have identified five compounds able to decrease the activity of sortase A by more than 50% at the concentration of 200 µM.

Identification of Novel Antistaphylococcal Hit Compounds Targeting Sortase A.

() is a causative agent of many hospital- and community-acquired infections with the tendency to develop resistance to all known antibiotics. Therefore, the development of novel antistaphylococcal agents is of urgent need. Sortase A is considered a promising molecular target for the development of antistaphylococcal agents.

Tracking SARS-COV-2 Variants Using Nanopore Sequencing in Ukraine in Summer 2021.

Since spring 2020, Ukraine has experienced at least two COVID-19 waves and has just entered a third wave in autumn 2021. The use of real-time genomic epidemiology has enabled the tracking of SARS-CoV-2 circulation patterns worldwide, thus informing evidence-based public health decision making, including implementation of travel restrictions and vaccine rollout strategies. However, insufficient capacity for local genetic sequencing in Ukraine and other Lower and Middle-Income countries limit opportunities for similar analyses.

Proteflazid® effectiveness for prevention and treatment of acute viral respiratory infections in the conditions of COVID-19.

Unlabelled: The original antiviral drug Proteflazid® has been used in clinical practice since the early 2000s for the etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral diseases, due to its property of blocking viral RNA and DNA polymerases. Considering that at the beginning of the global COVID- 19 pandemic, caused by RNA-containing virus of SARS-CoV-2 species in 2020, the ability of the drug active substance to inhibit the activity of 3CL- protease of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was shown by molecular docking and, subsequently, to confirm the property of the active substance to block the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in cell cultures in vitro. It was extremely important to test the effectiveness of the drug Proteflazid, drops for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease at "off labell use".

Enisamium is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase and shows improvement of recovery in COVID-19 patients in an interim analysis of a clinical trial.

Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a mild to severe respiratory disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Control of SARS-CoV-2 spread will depend on vaccine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity. Until then, antiviral strategies are needed to manage COVID-19, but approved antiviral treatments, such as remdesivir, can only be delivered intravenously.

Phylodynamics Helps to Evaluate the Impact of an HIV Prevention Intervention.

Assessment of the long-term population-level effects of HIV interventions is an ongoing public health challenge. Following the implementation of a Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) in Odessa, Ukraine, in 2013-2016, we obtained HIV gene sequences and used phylogenetics to identify HIV transmission clusters. We further applied the birth-death skyline model to the sequences from Odessa ( = 275) and Kyiv ( = 92) in order to estimate changes in the epidemic's effective reproductive number () and rate of becoming uninfectious (.

Ultrastructural features of herpesvirus-induced aortic intima damage in mice fed the high-fat diet.

Objective: The aim: To study the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the structural changes in the aortic intima in intact and HSV-1-infected mice using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: In experiments Balb/c mice were infected with the HVS-1 and fed high-fat diet and 12 weeks later aortic ultrastructure was examined by SEM and TEM methods. The animals were subdivided into four experimental groups: 1st group - HSV-1-infected animals; 2nd - animals consuming high-fat diet (HFD); 3rd - infected animals that were subsequently consuming a high-fat diet (HSV / HFD); 4th - animals consuming a high-fat diet that were subsequently infected with HSV-1 (HFD / HSV) (n = 6); and control group - intact animals.

The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century.

We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000-2018.

PROTEFLAZID®: clinical studies as evidence base of its antiviral activity.

The article contains the results of many years of clinical studies of efficiency and safety of the preparation Proteflazid®, obtained from the wild cereals Deschampsia caespitosa L. and Calamagrotis epigeios L. Proteflazid® has direct antiviral and anti-relapsing effects in various disease of viral etiology, registered in more than 230 clinical studies.

Distribution of influenza virus types by age using case-based global surveillance data from twenty-nine countries, 1999-2014.

Background: Influenza disease burden varies by age and this has important public health implications. We compared the proportional distribution of different influenza virus types within age strata using surveillance data from twenty-nine countries during 1999-2014 (N=358,796 influenza cases).

Methods: For each virus, we calculated a Relative Illness Ratio (defined as the ratio of the percentage of cases in an age group to the percentage of the country population in the same age group) for young children (0-4 years), older children (5-17 years), young adults (18-39 years), older adults (40-64 years), and the elderly (65+ years).

Proteflazid®: treatment of herpesvirus and mixed infections. Meta-analysis of clinical trials results.

Unlabelled: There is a meta-analysis of clinical trials results concerning the evaluation of efficiency of the drug Proteflazid® (drops) in the treatment of adult patients with herpesvirus and mixed infections.

Aim: Objective of the study: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the drug Proteflazid® in a treatment of herpesvirus (HSV-1, HSV-2) and mixed infections in adults by meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Materials And Methods: In meta-analysis, 16 scientific sources with results of controlled studies with participation of 1336 patients over 18 y.

Temporal Patterns of Influenza A and B in Tropical and Temperate Countries: What Are the Lessons for Influenza Vaccination?

Introduction: Determining the optimal time to vaccinate is important for influenza vaccination programmes. Here, we assessed the temporal characteristics of influenza epidemics in the Northern and Southern hemispheres and in the tropics, and discuss their implications for vaccination programmes.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of surveillance data between 2000 and 2014 from the Global Influenza B Study database.

Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza B: results of the Global Influenza B Study.

Introduction: Literature on influenza focuses on influenza A, despite influenza B having a large public health impact. The Global Influenza B Study aims to collect information on global epidemiology and burden of disease of influenza B since 2000.

Methods: Twenty-six countries in the Southern (n = 5) and Northern (n = 7) hemispheres and intertropical belt (n = 14) provided virological and epidemiological data.