Oxazinin A, a pseudodimeric natural product of mixed biosynthetic origin from a filamentous fungus.

A racemic, prenylated polyketide dimer, oxazinin A (1), was isolated from a novel filamentous fungus in the class Eurotiomycetes, and its structure was elucidated spectroscopically. The pentacyclic structure of oxazinin A (1) is a unique combination of benzoxazine, isoquinoline, and a pyran ring. Oxazinin A (1) exhibited antimycobacterial activity and modestly antagonized transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians.

Ascidians contain abundant, diverse secondary metabolites, which are thought to serve a defensive role and which have been applied to drug discovery. It is known that bacteria in symbiosis with ascidians produce several of these metabolites, but very little is known about factors governing these 'chemical symbioses'. To examine this phenomenon across a wide geographical and species scale, we performed bacterial and chemical analyses of 32 different ascidians, mostly from the didemnid family from Florida, Southern California and a broad expanse of the tropical Pacific Ocean.

Identifying and Communicating Clinically Meaningful Drug-Drug Interactions.

Objective: Providing care to patients with comorbid medical problems may result in complicated, multiple drug therapy regimens, increasing the risk of clinically meaningful drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of DDIs and provide examples on how to identify and intervene on DDIs.

Methods: We described DDI data from the Utah Drug Regimen Review Center, where adult Medicaid patients were reviewed by pharmacists from 2005 to 2009.

DNA binding dynamics and energetics of cobalt, nickel, and copper metallopeptides.

We present molecular dynamics (MD) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis of the DNA binding properties of three metallopeptides to the Drew-Dickerson dodecamer DNA: Co(II) -Gly(1) -Gly(2) -His, Ni(II) -Gly(1) -Gly(2) -His and Cu(II) -Gly(1) -Gly(2) -His. Fairly extensive MD simulations were run on each system until a stable binding mode for each ligand was sampled. Clustering analysis was used in an attempt to find representative structures for the most populated clusters sampled during the MD, and a QTAIM analysis was performed.

Griseorhodins D-F, neuroactive intermediates and end products of post-PKS tailoring modification in Griseorhodin biosynthesis.

The griseorhodins belong to a family of extensively modified aromatic polyketides that exhibit activities such as inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase and human telomerase. The vast structural diversity of this group of polyketides is largely introduced by enzymatic oxidations, which can significantly influence the bioactivity profile. Four new compounds, griseorhodins D-F, were isolated from a griseorhodin producer, Streptomyces sp.

A disulfide tether stabilizes the block of sodium channels by the conotoxin μO§-GVIIJ.

A cone snail venom peptide, μO§-conotoxin GVIIJ from Conus geographus, has a unique posttranslational modification, S-cysteinylated cysteine, which makes possible formation of a covalent tether of peptide to its target Na channels at a distinct ligand-binding site. μO§-conotoxin GVIIJ is a 35-aa peptide, with 7 cysteine residues; six of the cysteines form 3 disulfide cross-links, and one (Cys24) is S-cysteinylated. Due to limited availability of native GVIIJ, we primarily used a synthetic analog whose Cys24 was S-glutathionylated (abbreviated GVIIJSSG).

Myristicyclins A and B: antimalarial procyanidins from Horsfieldia spicata from Papua New Guinea.

An antimalarial screen for plants collected from Papua New Guinea identified an extract of Horsfieldia spicata as having activity. Isolation of the active constituents led to the identification of two new compounds: myristicyclins A (1) and B (2). Both compounds are procyanidin-like congeners of myristinins lacking a pendant aromatic ring.

Structure and activity of lobophorins from a turrid mollusk-associated Streptomyces sp.

A novel lumun-lumun sampling methodology was used to obtain a large diversity of micromollusks, including the new species Lienardia totopotens. In turn, from L. totopotens we cultivated a Streptomyces sp.

Cost implications of formulary decisions on oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Background: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major public health issue. The major complication of AF is an increased risk of stroke. Warfarin, long used for stroke prophylaxis in AF patients, has a narrow therapeutic window and numerous food and drug interactions necessitating regular laboratory monitoring.

Neuroactive diol and acyloin metabolites from cone snail-associated bacteria.

The bacterium Gordonia sp. 647W.R.