The influence of baseline platelet on mortality risk in stroke and cancer patients: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES database.

Background: Platelet count and function may be closely related to survival and prognosis of stroke and cancer. However, little is known on the impact of platelet count on the patients with a history of stroke and cancer. This study aimed to examine the association between baseline platelet level and all-cause mortality in this population using a cross-sectional analysis.

Utilizing Tissues Self-Assembled in Fiber Optic-Based "Chinese Guzheng Strings" for Contractility Sensing and Drug Efficacy Evaluation: A Practical Approach.

Recent advances in drug design and compound synthesis have highlighted the increasing need for effective methods of toxicity evaluation. A specialized force sensor, known as the light wavelength-encoded "Chinese guzheng" is developed. This innovative sensor is equipped with optical fiber strings and utilizes a wavelength-encoded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that is chemically etched to reduce its diameter.

A study on the clinical manifestations in lepidopterism.

Background: Exposure to hairs of caterpillars and moths are collectively termed as lepidopterism. Clinical manifestations include cutaneous presentation of localized stinging reaction with wheals or vesiculation, acute urticarial papules and plaques, ophthalmic, oropharyngeal involvement to severe life-threatening anaphylactic reactions with angioedema.

Aims: In this study we have determined the prevalence of various cutaneous, oropharyngeal and ophthalmic manifestations of lepidopterism at a tertiary health care center.

Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Cognitive Performance and Informant-rated Cognitive Decline.

Objectives: It is unknown whether cognitive test scores are equivalently associated with informant-rated cognitive decline across culturally and linguistically diverse older adults. We examined the association between cognitive domain scores on the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) and informant-rated cognitive decline in a harmonized population-based sample of older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We combined data from the HCAP sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2016) and the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi-Cognitive (BASIC-C; 2018-2020) study.

ICMR-MDRF Diabetes Biosamples: Cohort profile.

Background & objectives Biobanks are crucial for biomedical research, enabling new treatments and medical advancements. The biobank at the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) aims to gather, process, store, and distribute biospecimens to assist scientific studies. Methods This article details the profile of two cohorts: the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR).

New Diagnoses of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of a Large United States Commercial Insurance Database.

Background/objective: Little is known about the rates of rheumatic disease diagnosis among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the United States.

Methods: We performed a historical cohort study using US commercial insurance data (2016-2021) to identify children aged <18 years without prior JIA diagnosis or treatment in the prior ≥12 months.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and cirrhotic coagulopathy: overlap and differences. The current state of knowledge. Communication from the SSC of the ISTH.

Patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have decreasing plasma levels of coagulation factors and platelet counts with increased levels of D-dimer. Standard laboratory tests are used clinically to diagnose DIC and quantify the severity of the disease. In patients with cirrhosis, liver-derived plasma coagulation factor levels are reduced due to decreased hepatic synthesis, further exacerbated by extravascular redistribution of these proteins, causing prolongation of routine diagnostic coagulation tests.

A Retrospective Study of Patiromer as Adjunct to Insulin Therapy for Acute Hyperkalemia in the Emergency Department.

Objective: To investigate the clinical utility of administering patiromer as an adjunct to insulin for potassium reduction in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with hyperkalemia.

Methods:  This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data to identify adults treated with at least one intravenous dose of regular insulin for hyperkalemia within the ED. Patients who were administered patiromer within one hour before or after their insulin dose were categorized as the intervention group.

Efficacy of Dapagliflozin + Sitagliptin + Metformin Versus Sitagliptin + Metformin in T2DM Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: A Multicentric Randomized Trial.

Introduction: A slower adoption rate of fixed dose combinations (FDC) in diabetes management is partly due to insufficient data. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of an FDC of dapagliflozin + sitagliptin + metformin hydrochloride extended release (XR), compared to a dual FDC of sitagliptin + metformin hydrochloride XR among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with poor glycemic control when treated with metformin monotherapy.

Methods: A total of 274 patients with T2DM were randomized (1:1) to either arm X, receiving FDC of dapagliflozin (10 mg) + sitagliptin (100 mg) + metformin hydrochloride XR (1000 mg) (Dapa + Sita + Met) tablets, or arm Y, receiving sitagliptin phosphate (100 mg) + metformin hydrochloride XR (1000 mg) (Sita + Met) tablets, and treated for 16 weeks.

Green synthesized CaO decorated ternary CaO/g-CN/PVA nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode for enhanced electrochemical detection of caffeic acid.

A highly selective, sensitive caffeic acid (CA) detection based on calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) derived from extract of Moringa oleifera leaves decorated graphitic carbon nitride covalently grafted poly vinyl alcohol (CaO/g-CN/PVA) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied. A facile sonochemical method was adapted to synthesis nanomaterials and characterized by HR-TEM (High resolution transmission electron microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray analysis), Mapping and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis, and electrochemical techniques. The nanocomposite modified GCE exhibited an excellent catalytic performance to the oxidation of CA under optimized conditions owing to better electron transfer efficiency, conductivity and high surface area of the electrode material.

Association of Lipoprotein(a) With Changes in Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Treated With Alirocumab.

Background: Elevated Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) is a risk marker for atherosclerotic disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined the association of Lp(a) with changes in coronary atherosclerosis following intensive lipid-lowering therapy.

Methods: In the PACMAN-AMI trial (Effects of the PCSK9 Antibody Alirocumab on Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction), 300 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomized to receive biweekly alirocumab 150 mg or placebo in addition to high-intensity statins.

Exploring the Global Legacy of Professor Calayampudi Radhakrishna Rao: A Review of His Life and Biostatistical Contributions.

This review article explores the seminal contributions of Professor C.R. Rao, one of the most influential statisticians of the 20th century, whose work has profoundly impacted statistical theory and its applications in various fields, particularly in medical statistics.

A Comparison of Nerve Injury in Cross Versus Lateral Pinning Fixation of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fracture.

Background And Objective: Supracondylar fracture of the humerus (SCFH) is a common pediatric fracture encountered in orthopedic surgery. The most frequently used pinning methods include cross pinning or lateral pinning with two or three pins. However, complications such as ulnar nerve injury can occur, particularly during medial pinning, which necessitates careful isolation of the ulnar nerve and expert surgical intervention.

An improved AlexNet deep learning method for limb tumor cancer prediction and detection.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare cancer that forms in soft tissues around joints, and early detection is crucial for improving patient survival rates. This study introduces a convolutional neural network (CNN) using an improved AlexNet deep learning classifier to improve SS diagnosis from digital pathological images. Key preprocessing steps, such as dataset augmentation and noise reduction techniques, such as adaptive median filtering (AMF) and histogram equalization were employed to improve image quality.