Depth, size of infiltrate, and the microbe - The trio that prognosticates the outcome of infective keratitis.

Purpose: To analyze the influence of infiltrate size, depth, and organism on the outcome of microbial keratitis.

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Methods: Medical records of patients with infective keratitis, who reported from January 2015 to December 2019 to a tertiary eye care center, were analyzed.

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following COVID-19 infection with microbiological and molecular biological correlation - A report of two cases.

This case report describes three eyes of two patients, who were diagnosed to have endogenous fungal endophthalmitis post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Both patients underwent vitrectomy with intravitreal anti-fungal injection. Intra-ocular samples confirmed the fungal etiology by conventional microbiological investigations and polymerase chain reaction in both cases.

Possible Synergistic Role of Cryo-Alcohol Therapy in Infectious Scleritis-Scope and Rationale for Expanding Indications and Review of the Literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to highlight the use of topical ethanol as an adjunct to cryotherapy, termed cryo-alcohol therapy, in the management of fungal/acanthamoeba scleritis along with a review of the literature.

Method: Retrospective interventional case reports of fungal and acanthamoeba scleritis along with a review of the literature.

Results: The patient with circumferential necrotic fungal scleritis resolved in 6 weeks achieving a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20, and the patient with acanthamoeba scleritis is awaiting optical keratoplasty after complete resolution in 8 weeks.

Distribution and risk factors of postoperative endophthalmitis in people with diabetes.

Purpose: To evaluate (i) the distribution of postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) in patients who underwent cataract surgery, (ii) risk factors in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients, and (iii) distribution of POE in those who had undergone rapid reduction of preoperative blood sugar levels versus those with normal blood sugar levels.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed from January 1995 to July 2021. In total, 391 eyes of 391 patients who developed POE after cataract surgery were studied.

First report of causing fungal keratitis from a tertiary eye hospital in India.

A young 33 year old male presented with non-resolving corneal infiltrate for 2 month duration in the right eye. KOH/ Calcoflour wet mount revealed sparsely septate fungal hyphae. Post therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty 3 doses of intracameral voriconazole(100μg/0.

Genotypic Detection of Epstein Barr Virus in Pediatric Transplant Recipients From India.

Objective: To determine the rate of occurrence and genotypes of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) among pediatric renal and liver transplants recipients.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Vision Research Foundation referral center and Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Chennai, India.

The effect of riboflavin-UV-A treatment on corneal limbal epithelial cells--a study on human cadaver eyes.

Purpose: To determine the effect of riboflavin-UV-A treatment on the corneal limbal epithelial cells during a corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) procedure.

Methods: Thirty freshly enucleated human cadaveric eyeballs were subjected to a CXL procedure, mimicking the clinical protocol. During the UV-A exposure, one half of the limbus (sector A) was left unprotected, whereas the other half (sector B) was covered by a metal shield.

Infectious aetiology of congenital cataract based on TORCHES screening in a tertiary eye hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background & Objectives: We undertook this study to determine the infectious aetiology of congenital cataract based on the presence of IgM antibodies to TORCHES [(Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Rubella virus (RV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum)] in the serum samples of congenital cataract patients.

Methods: Serum samples collected from 593 infants and children (10 days to 12 months old) with clinically diagnosed congenital cataract at Sankara Nethralaya, a referral eye hospital in Chennai, were tested for the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies to T.

Relative efficiency of polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay in determination of viral etiology in congenital cataract in infants.

Background: Perinatal viral infections of fetus are among the leading causes of congenital cataract and identifying the viral etiology is important.

Objectives: To detect the presence of Rubella virus (RV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in lens aspirate specimens obtained from patients with congenital cataract and relate the results with serology.

Setting And Design: Prospective study carried out in tertiary care hospital.

Application of polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism in typing ocular rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacterial isolates from three patients with postoperative endophthalmitis.

Purpose: We describe postoperative endophthalmitis caused by rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (RGNTM) in 3 patients after small-incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation performed elsewhere and referred to us for management. Subsequent identification and confirmation was carried out with biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Materials And Methods: The corneal scraping and eviscerated material of the first patient, the corneal button and the IOL of the second patient, and the corneal scraping of the third patient were processed for routine bacteriologic studies including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by smear (excepting the IOL) and culture.

Comparison of a novel semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a uniplex PCR for the detection of Acanthamoeba genome in corneal scrapings.

A semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (snPCR) was developed to improve the sensitivity of detection of Acanthamoeba sp. genome from corneal scrapings of Acanthamoeba keratitis patients. The snPCR was developed using a laboratory designed inner forward primer targeting the 450-bp product of the 18s rRNA-gene-based PCR.

Failure to genotype Human Cytomegalovirus by PCR-RFLP method due to sequence variation within the primer binding site.

Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is one of the rapid methods for genotyping Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). When genotyping clinical samples by a sensitive nested PCR-based RFLP method for the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of HCMV, it was found that some of the clinical specimens did not give an amplification signal. Analysis of the prototype sequences of the different genotypes showed base pair mismatches over the primer binding site.

Application of PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism for the identification of mycobacterial isolates.

Background And Objective: Conventional identification of mycobacteria is achieved by standard biochemical tests that are time consuming, laborious and is not always conclusive. This study was thus undertaken to standardize a simple, rapid and cost-effective polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using primers coding for the 16S - 23S rRNA spacer region to identify the mycobacterial isolates to the species level.

Methods: The PCR with primers targeting the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region was standardized using the standard mycobacterial strains and applied on 51 clinical isolates.

Diagnostic value of enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay for cytomegalovirus disease.

Background: Since interpretation of results of enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in India is difficult, its diagnostic value required evaluation.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic value of ELISA against polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CMV disease.

Settings And Design: Results of ELISA test for CMV antibodies in CMV-DNA PCR positive and negative patients and normal healthy blood donors were analysed.