[Anaphylaxis needing adrenaline administration during anesthesia: a 7-year single-institution study].

Background: Adrenaline is the key treatment for acute anaphylaxis; however, it is difficult to use it appropriately in terms of dosage and timing. If used incorrectly, adrenaline can cause cardiac infarction, stroke, recurrence and other problems.

Methods: We collected data of suspected anaphylaxis from records in our anesthesia department between April 2005 and March 2012.

[Pediatric use of cuffed tracheal tubes under general anesthesia].

Background: Although the use of cuffed tracheal tubes (CTT) in children less than 8 years of age has increased, the criteria for selecting CTTs of appropriate sizes have not been determined.

Methods: To study the criteria for choosing tubes of appropriate sizes (internal diameter: 4.0, 4.

[A case report of a failure to advance a guidewire in an infant from the internal jugular vein to the brachiocephalic vein].

A 2-month-old baby boy, 52 cm in height and weighing 4.6 kg, underwent a Blalock-Taussig shunt operation under general anesthesia. The authors checked the internal jugular vein (IJV) using an ultrasound apparatus with a 5/10-MHz probe (TiTAN, SonoSite Co.

[Ultrasound evaluation of the anatomical relationships between common carotid arteries and internal jugular veins in children].

Background: Relationships between common carotid arteries (CCA) and internal jugular veins (IJV) have been investigated both in adults and children. Overlapping of CCA and IJV are reported in 70 to 90% of cases; however we seldom observe overlapping cases in children. We evaluate the relationships between CCA and IJV in children.

[The relationships between the head-down angles and the internal jugular vein cross-sectional areas in regard to the patients' heights and the venous flattening ratios in children].

Background: The head-down tilt is thought to increase the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the vein in central venous catheterization. In this study, the effectiveness of the head-down tilt was investigated in children.

Methods: Forty patients were divided into two groups: L (n = 20) less than 8.

[Left internal jugular venipuncture in real-time ultrasound-guided pediatric central venous cannulation].

The right internal jugular vein (IJV) is usually selected for pediatric central venous cannulation (CVC); however, the left is rarely selected. We investigated cases of CVC through left IJVs from Apr to Nov of 2011. In all 82 patients with the median age of 11 months, height of 72.

[Four cases of cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia].

Incident rates of cardiac arrest are reported as being from 0.54 to 17.5 per 10,000 (0.

[Pediatric central venous catheterization through the axillary veins using ultrasound guidance].

Background: Axillary veins (AXVs) are selected for the central venous catheterization (CVC) in adults using ultrasound echo but quite rarely in children. We evaluated the relationships between the widths and the depths of the pediatric AXVs.

Methods: The widths and the depths of the AXVs were measured using an ultrasound echo apparatus in fifty patients.

Ultrasound detection of guidewires in-plane during pediatric central venous catheterization.

Objective/aim: To assess the usefulness of longitudinal ultrasound images of guidewires for pediatric central venous catheter (CVC) placement.

Background: To avoid arterial placement of a CVC, it is important to ensure that the guidewires are in the internal jugular vein (IJV) before inserting the dilators. Ultrasound confirmation of the guidewire position may eliminate accidental arterial dilation during CVC cannulation.

[On the characteristics of axillary veins and internal jugular veins in pediatric patients].

Background: Axillary veins (AxV) are increasingly selected instead of the subclavian veins (SCV) for safe and successful catheterization in adults using ultrasound echo although quite rarely in children. The diameters and depths of the pediatric internal jugular veins (IJV) are well known but those of pediatric AxV are unfamiliar even to anesthesiologists. We evaluated the diameters and the depths of the AxV and IJV in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Trans-septal left atrial catheterisation.

A newly designed 4 FG double-lumen catheter with the second port located either 5 or 7 cm proximal to the tip was tested in five children undergoing open heart surgery. The catheter was inserted percutaneously and initially positioned in the superior vena cava, right atrium or inferior vena cava. During cardiopulmonary bypass, the tip of the catheter was repositioned manually in the left atrium across the interatrial septum.

Acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis induced by pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate, in dogs.

In Japan, acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis resembling Reye's syndrome has been reported to occur after treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate. We studied the causal relationship and the pathogenesis in dogs. The agent was administered to seven dogs at increasing doses over a period of 8 weeks.

Reye-like syndrome following treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate.

Three senile patients developed fatal acute encephalopathy while receiving calcium hopantenate. The clinical, biochemical, and pathological picture was similar to Reye's syndrome. Calcium hopantenate is a pantothenic acid antagonist.