Proliferative CD8(+) PD-1(+) T-cell infiltration in a pembrolizumab-induced cutaneous adverse reaction.

Pembrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibody that is directed against the human cell surface receptor PD-1, is a PD-1 pathway inhibitor that has been approved to treat various malignant diseases, including advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-1 is the major inhibitory receptor regulating T-cell exhaustion, and T-cells with high PD-1 expression lose their ability to eliminate cancer. PD-1 pathway blockade by pembrolizumab reinvigorates exhausted T-cells and restores their antitumor immune responses.

An Analysis of the Factor Model on the Workload of Nursing Staff Using a Hospital Management Tool.

We developed a tool that allows a medical facility to offer efficient nursing care with limited human resources by optimizing the distribution of hospital ward nursing tasks. The use of information and communications technology to visualize daily workloads and make use of quantified workload data is important for identifying management elements that allow the efficient allocation of personnel and tasks. The goal of this study was to utilize data from the ward management tool that we developed to consider workflow processes for nursing staff and the relationships between the nursing competence of the nursing staff and the patients' conditions and how these impact on workloads.

Shape effect of ultrafine-grained structure on static fracture toughness in low-alloy steel.

A 0.4C-2Si-1Cr-1Mo steel with an ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structure and an ultrafine equiaxed grain (UFG) structure was fabricated by multipass caliber rolling at 773 K and subsequent annealing at 973 K. A static three-point bending test was conducted at ambient temperature and at 77 K.

Pollination biology in a lowland dipterocarp forest inSarawak, Malaysia. I. Characteristics of the plant-pollinator communityin a lowland dipterocarp forest.

Flowerings and flower visitors were observed continuously in alowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, for 53 mo in1992-1996. Flower visitors of 270 plant species were observed orcollected, and pollinators were assessed by observing body contact tostigmas and anthers. We recognized 12 categories of pollination systems.