Evolution of Key Factors Influencing Performance Across Phases in Junior Short Sprints.

Sprint performance plays a crucial role in various sports. Short sprints vary depending on the size of the court/playing field and on competitive characteristics, but are common in many sports. Although the relationship between age and muscle strength has been explored in short sprints, there is limited understanding of how various physical factors interact, particularly concerning differences in the acceleration phase.

Ultraviolet-B irradiation expands skin-resident CD81Foxp3 regulatory T cells with a highly activated phenotype.

Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) induces the expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing proenkephalin (PENK) and amphiregulin (AREG) with a healing function in the skin. It is unclear how this UVB exposure affects the functionally distinct subsets of skin Treg cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that skin-resident CD81Treg cells expressing both Penk and Areg expanded after UVB irradiation.

A Pilot Study on Developed Shoes That Enhance Gait Parameters Without Increasing Muscle Activity.

This pilot study investigated the potential of a newly developed shoe design to improve gait parameters without altering muscle activity in healthy women. The shoe design features a V-shaped heel and a high-elasticity midsole, which are intended to enhance stability during heel contact and promote efficient load transfer throughout the gait cycle. Ten study participants underwent a randomized crossover design, wearing developed and general shoes during the trials.

Intraperitoneal Administration of S100A8 Ameliorates Experimental Acute Colitis in Rats.

S100A8 is a protein that is abundant in neutrophils and macrophages (MΦ), but its role in inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the immunological role(s) of S100A8 in acute intestinal inflammation in rats and its role in MΦ. Rat recombinant S100A8 (rr-S100A8, 1.

Coexistence of somatic and psychological symptoms of depression among community-dwelling older adults is associated with the incidence of dementia.

Background: Depression in old age is associated with the incidence of dementia. However, whether a combination of somatic and psychological symptoms influences the risk of dementia has not been fully investigated.

Objective: We aimed to determine the association between the combination of psychological and somatic symptoms of depression and the incidence of dementia.

Association between cardiovascular disease risk and sarcopenia in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.

Aim: Sarcopenia's high prevalence in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggests that the risk of comorbidity in sarcopenia might also be increased during the at-risk phase of CVD. However, the relationship between CVD risk and sarcopenia has not been elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between CVD risk and sarcopenia in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.

Prostaglandin E-EP2/EP4 signaling induces immunosuppression in human cancer by impairing bioenergetics and ribosome biogenesis in immune cells.

While prostaglandin E (PGE) is produced in human tumor microenvironment (TME), its role therein remains poorly understood. Here, we examine this issue by comparative single-cell RNA sequencing of immune cells infiltrating human cancers and syngeneic tumors in female mice. PGE receptors EP4 and EP2 are expressed in lymphocytes and myeloid cells, and their expression is associated with the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and MYC targets, glycolysis and ribosomal proteins (RPs).

Effect of eating alone and depression symptoms on incident disability among community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: The intent of the present study was to elucidate the association of eating alone and depressive symptoms with the development of disability among community-dwelling older adults, using a longitudinal study.

Method: Participants included 4648 Japanese older adults (mean age 73.8 ± 5.

EEG Oscillatory Activity and Resting-State Networks Associated with Neurocognitive Function in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) activity and brain networks in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and their association with neurocognitive function (NCF). We analyzed 26 patients with subacute mTBI and 21 healthy controls. The subacute mTBI group (9 females, 17 males) had a mean age of 29.

Changes in the Professional Identity and Self-Efficacy of Nursing Students Engaged in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination Using Simulation Learning.

Background: The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is widely adopted in nursing education to enhance clinical skills and professionalism. With OSCE, the learning process is important, and students who underwent OSCE felt more confident and better prepared for their next clinical training.

Objectives: This study aims to clarify how the self-efficacy and professional identity of nursing students change after learning through simulation education and OSCE.

Relationships between life-space mobility, physical function, and empowerment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[Purpose] This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the Life-Space Assessment measure, which conceptualizes physical activity in terms of life-space, and indicators of empowerment, and physical function, in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Participants and Methods] This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were 25 stable outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22 males, mean age 75.

The relationships between bedtime routines and preschooler's sleep health and well-being: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.

This study aimed to examine the effects of "adaptive" bedtime routines on a child's well-being, either directly or indirectly through sleep health. A web-based survey was conducted on 700 adults (321 male, 379 female, mean age = 39.98 years, SD = 6.

Visual Deprivation's Impact on Dynamic Posture Control of Trunk: A Comprehensive Sensing Information Analysis of Neurophysiological Mechanisms.

Visual information affects static postural control, but how it affects dynamic postural control still needs to be fully understood. This study investigated the effect of proprioception weighting, influenced by the presence or absence of visual information, on dynamic posture control during voluntary trunk movements. We recorded trunk movement angle and angular velocity, center of pressure (COP), electromyographic, and electroencephalography signals from 35 healthy young adults performing a standing trunk flexion-extension task under two conditions (Vision and No-Vision).

Human RP105 monoclonal antibody enhances antigen-specific antibody production in unique culture conditions.

Detecting antibodies, particularly those targeting donor human leukocyte antigens in organ transplantation and self-antigens in autoimmune diseases, is crucial for diagnosis and therapy. Radioprotective 105 (RP105), a Toll-like receptor family protein, is expressed in immune-competent cells, such as B cells. Studies in mice have shown that the anti-mouse RP105 antibody strongly activates B cells and triggers an adjuvant effect against viral infections.

Shoulder Joint Range of Motion Related to Dementia.

Introduction: Dementia is caused by various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We often encounter patients with dementia who have limited shoulder joint range of motion (ROM), especially those with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). But the relationship between the diseases of dementia and restricted shoulder joint ROM is currently unclear.

Risk assessment of electric shock to the general public without Personal Protective Equipment during defibrillation shock delivery: A simulation study.

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the risk of electric shock when the general public, not wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), is in contact with a patient, and a defibrillation shock is inadvertently delivered.

Methods: A simulation study was conducted simulating the following scenarios. 1) Both the rescuer and the patient were isolated from the ground, with the rescuer making single-point contact with the patient.

Detection of neurophysiological markers of cognitive reserve: an EEG study.

Background And Objectives: Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain that allows for better-than-expected cognitive performance relative to the degree of brain change over the course of life. However, neurophysiological markers of CR remain under-investigated. Electroencephalography (EEG) features may function as suitable neurophysiological markers of CR.

Visual effects on tactile stimulation and its perception: A pilot study using near-infrared spectroscopy.

In rubber hand illusion, visual information affects tactile information, whereas in the mirror box illusion, visual information has the opposite effect. However, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As one of the reasons, non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and electroencephalography, often fail to detect complex and fragile responses in the sensory-motor cortex.