Prompt engineering for digital mental health: a short review.

Prompt engineering, the process of arranging input or prompts given to a large language model to guide it in producing desired outputs, is an emerging field of research that shapes how these models understand tasks, process information, and generate responses in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) applications. Digital mental health, on the other hand, is becoming increasingly important for several reasons including early detection and intervention, and to mitigate limited availability of highly skilled medical staff for clinical diagnosis. This short review outlines the latest advances in prompt engineering in the field of NLP for digital mental health.

Identification of proteins involved in intracellular ubiquinone trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using artificial ubiquinone probe.

Ubiquinone (UQ) is an essential player in the respiratory electron transfer system. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the ability to synthesize UQ, exogenously supplied UQs can be taken up and delivered to mitochondria through an unknown mechanism, restoring the growth of UQ-deficient yeast in non-fermentable medium. Since elucidating the mechanism responsible may markedly contribute to therapeutic strategies for patients with UQ deficiency, many attempts have been made to identify the machinery involved in UQ trafficking in the yeast model.

Quantifying social capital creation in post-disaster recovery aid in Indonesia: methodological innovation by an AI-based language model.

Smooth interaction with a disaster-affected community can create and strengthen its social capital, leading to greater effectiveness in the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid. To understand the relationship between the types of interaction, the strength of social capital generated, and the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid, intricate ethnographic qualitative research is required, but it is likely to remain illustrative because it is based, at least to some degree, on the researcher's intuition. This paper thus offers an innovative research method employing a quantitative artificial intelligence (AI)-based language model, which allows researchers to re-examine data, thereby validating the findings of the qualitative research, and to glean additional insights that might otherwise have been missed.

Isomerization of aldo-disaccharides to keto-disaccharides in arginine solution and phosphate buffer under subcritical conditions.

Maltose, cellobiose, and lactose dissolved in 0.01 mol/L arginine solution or 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.

Comparative study of environmental and monetary policies in an R&D-based growth model.

ESG investment and financing is a response to global warming and toxic carbon emissions. This is because market and financial development is expected to contribute to de-carbonisation in relevant firms. However, the opposite might occur with carbon-intensive industries.

Ferruginous components of particulate matters in subway environments, α-FeO or FeO, exacerbates allergies.

The respiratory effects of particulate matter (PM) in subway station platforms or tunnels have attracted considerable research attention. However, no studies have characterized the effects of subway PM on allergic immune responses. In this study, iron oxide (α-FeO and FeO) particles-the main components of subway PM-were intratracheally administered to BALB/c mice where ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic pulmonary inflammation.

Wing-shaped walls: A directional effect of obstacles on manual avoidance.

Visual information can be used to plan, start, and coordinate manual movements in obstacle avoidance. An intriguing example of visuomotor coordination is the effect of wing-shaped walls, in which walls are oriented away from or toward a moving agent. A historical story from medieval Japan recounts that wing-shaped walls disrupted the agent's movement more when oriented toward the agent than when oriented away from the agent.

Children's animistic beliefs toward a humanoid robot and other objects.

This study examined children's beliefs about a humanoid robot by examining their behavioral and verbal responses. We investigated whether 3- and 5-year-old children would treat the humanoid robot gently along with other objects and tools with and without a face and whether 3- and 5-year-olds would attribute moral, perceptual, and psychological properties to these targets. Although 3-year-olds did not treat objects gently or rudely, they were likely to affirm that hitting targets was acceptable despite targets having psychological and perceptual properties.

The stress-responsive cytotoxic effect of diesel exhaust particles on lymphatic endothelial cells.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are very small (typically < 0.2 μm) fragments that have become major air pollutants. DEPs are comprised of a carbonaceous core surrounded by organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs.

Antibacterial Activity of Defensive Secretions from the Lace Bug (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae).

Nymphs of (Drake) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) have numerous glandular setae on their dorsal abdomens. Chemical analysis of the exudates from these setae revealed the presence of 11 compounds, including aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic ketones, and aromatic polyketides. Among them, 3-oxododecanal, 5-hydroxy-2-heptylchromanone, and 5-hydroxy-2-undecanylchromanone were identified for the first time in the family Tingidae.

Co-design personal sleep health technology for and with university students.

University students often experience sleep disturbances and disorders. Personal digital technologies present a great opportunity for sleep health promotion targeting this population. However, studies that engage university students in designing and implementing digital sleep health technologies are scarce.

Predictors of Water Turnover in Older Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water- and Triaxial Accelerometer-Based Study.

Background: Water is one of the most essential nutrients for life. The water turnover (WT), total body water (TBW), and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. WT and TBW are lower in older adults than in young adults, and the former are susceptible to dehydration, necessitating to identify predictors of the WT in older adults.

A non-canonical BZR/BES transcription factor regulates the development of haploid reproductive organs in Marchantia polymorpha.

Gametogenesis, which is essential to the sexual reproductive system, has drastically changed during plant evolution. Bryophytes, lycophytes and ferns develop reproductive organs called gametangia-antheridia and archegonia for sperm and egg production, respectively. However, the molecular mechanism of early gametangium development remains unclear.

The infant-doctor relationship: an examination of infants' distress reactions in the presence of a doctor.

Fear of doctors is a common source of distress among infants; however, the underlying sources of this distress are unknown. To investigate the doctor-infant relationship, the behaviors of 61 healthy infants (176-617 days old) were observed in a simulated examination room. Their behaviors and electrocardiograms were recorded.

Efficient synthesis of rare sugars from galactose in hot compressed water using eggshells as an environmentally friendly catalyst.

Aqueous galactose solutions containing eggshell was heated at 120 °C to produce calcium supplements containing rare sugars. Galactose was isomerized to rare sugars with improving rare sugar yields compared to those without eggshell. Organic acids were also formed as byproducts during the reaction.

Phosphate environment and phosphate uptake studies: past and future.

The present review explains briefly the importance of phosphorus in the biological activities and states that the most phosphorus of living organisms is absorbed by plants from the soil. Next, previous studies on the mechanisms of phosphate uptake by plants are reviewed as H-dependent or Na-dependent co-transport systems and the phosphate environment in which plants grow is discussed. The evolution of transporter genes and their regulation mechanisms of expression is discussed in relation to the phosphorus environment.

Integration of cell differentiation and initiation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in seed germination of Catharanthus roseus.

In Catharanthus roseus, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are produced through the cooperation of four cell types, with final products accumulating in specialized cells known as idioblasts and laticifers. To explore the relationship between cellular differentiation and cell type-specific MIA metabolism, we analyzed the expression of MIA biosynthesis in germinating seeds. Embryos from immature and mature seeds were observed via stereomicroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy.

Can we spot fake public comments generated by ChatGPT(-3.5, -4)?: Japanese stylometric analysis expose emulation created by one-shot learning.

Public comments are an important opinion for civic when the government establishes rules. However, recent AI can easily generate large quantities of disinformation, including fake public comments. We attempted to distinguish between human public comments and ChatGPT-generated public comments (including ChatGPT emulated that of humans) using Japanese stylometric analysis.

Myofibroblasts impair myocardial impulse propagation by heterocellular connexin43 gap-junctional coupling through micropores.

Composite population of myofibroblasts (MFs) within myocardial tissue is known to alter impulse propagation, leading to arrhythmias. However, it remains unclear whether and how MFs alter their propagation patterns when contacting cardiomyocytes (CMs) without complex structural insertions in the myocardium. We attempted to unveil the effects of the one-sided, heterocellular CM-MF connection on the impulse propagation of CM monolayers without the spatial insertion of MFs as an electrical or mechanical obstacle.

Temporal characteristics of facial ensemble in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: examination from arousal and attentional allocation.

Introduction: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show atypical recognition of facial emotions, which has been suggested to stem from arousal and attention allocation. Recent studies have focused on the ability to perceive an average expression from multiple spatially different expressions. This study investigated the effect of autistic traits on temporal ensemble, that is, the perception of the average expression from multiple changing expressions.

A cell-wall-modifying gene-dependent CLE26 peptide signaling confers drought resistance in .

Plants respond to various environmental stimuli in sophisticated ways. Takahashi et al. (2018) revealed that CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REIGON-related 25 (CLE25) peptide is produced in roots under drought stress and transported to shoots, where it induces abscisic acid biosynthesis, resulting in drought resistance in .

Frailty modifies the association of body mass index with mortality among older adults: Kyoto-Kameoka study.

Background & Aims: The differences in the association of body mass index (BMI) with mortality between older adults with and without frailty remain unclear. This study investigated this association in community-dwelling older adults with and without frailty.

Methods: This prospective study included 10,912 adults aged ≥65 years who provided valid responses to a baseline mail survey questionnaire in the Kyoto-Kameoka Study in Japan.