Shared decision-making in physiotherapy: a cross-sectional study of patient involvement factors and issues in Japan.

Background: Evidence-based medicine education has not focused on how clinicians involve patients in decision-making. Although shared decision-making (SDM) has been investigated to address this issue, there are insufficient data on SDM in physiotherapy. This study aimed to clarify the issues concerning patient involvement in Japan, and to examine whether SDM is related to perceptions of patient involvement in decision-making.

Case of cerebellar ataxia successfully treated by virtual reality-guided rehabilitation.

A male patient in his 40s was transferred to our hospital for rehabilitation of ataxia after right cerebellar and brainstem infarction. After 3 weeks of conventional physical therapy, his activities of daily life successfully improved with an increase in the functional impedance measure from 101 to 124. However, he still fell short of gaining a higher level of balance function, which was necessary for his job as a standup forklift driver.

Pu-erh tea hot-water extract activates Akt and induces insulin-independent glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscle is a major organ that is important for whole-body glucose metabolism. We found that when isolated rat epitrochlearis muscle was incubated with a Pu-erh tea hot-water extract (PTE) for 30 min, the rate of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3MG) transport increased in the absence of insulin. This activation was associated with an increase in Ser(473) phosphorylation of Akt, a signaling intermediary leading to insulin-dependent glucose transport, but not Tyr(458) phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85, an upstream molecule of Akt.

Effect of mutations in HNF-1alpha and HNF-1beta on the transcriptional regulation of human sucrase-isomaltase in Caco-2 cells.

Mutations in transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF)-1alpha and HNF-1beta cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) types 3 and 5, respectively. HNF-1alpha and HNF-1beta mutations are well studied in some tissues, but the mechanism by which HNF-1alpha and HNF-1beta mutations affect sucrase-isomaltase (SI) transcription in the small intestine is unclear. We studied the effects of 13 HNF-1alpha mutants and 2 HNF-1beta mutants on human SI gene transcription, which were identified in subjects with MODY3 and MODY5, respectively.

Alpha(2B)-adrenergic receptor deletion polymorphism associates with autonomic nervous system activity in young healthy Japanese.

Several polymorphisms of genes involved in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function have been reported to affect metabolic regulation. We have investigated the association of an alpha(2B)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2B)AR) three-amino acid deletion polymorphism with ANS activity in young healthy subjects by means of electrocardiogram R-R interval power spectral analysis. Three hundred eighty-one young healthy Japanese males (mean +/- SE, 20.

Enhancement of whole body glucose uptake during and after human skeletal muscle low-frequency electrical stimulation.

There is considerable evidence to suggest that electrical stimulation (ES) activates glucose uptake in rodent skeletal muscle. It is, however, unknown whether ES can lead to similar metabolic enhancement in humans. We employed low-frequency ES through surface electrodes placed over motor points of quadriceps femoris muscles.

T-1095, a renal Na+-glucose transporter inhibitor, improves hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of T-1095, an inhibitor of renal glucose reabsorption, on hyperglycemia and the expression of Na+-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) and facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. There was an elevation of blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), kidney weight, and urinary excretion of both glucose and albumin in STZ rats. Administration of 0.

The association between Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor and autonomic nervous system activity.

The beta3-adrenergic receptor plays a significant role in the control of lipolysis and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue through autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. As the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene might affect ANS activity, we investigated the association of the polymorphism with ANS activity. The prevalence of the polymorphism was determined in 204 subjects.

Disordered expression of the sucrase-isomaltase complex in the small intestine in Otsuka Long-Evans tokushima fatty rats, a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance.

To clarify the relationship between diabetes mellitus and carbohydrate digestion, the activities of sucrase and isomaltase, which form a complex enzyme (SI complex) on the brush border membranes, were compared in the progression of diabetes mellitus in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance, and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats as non-diabetic controls. Until 40 weeks of age, OLETF rats were obese and had a high plasma glucose level, compared to age-matched LETO rats, but the sucrase and isomaltase activities showed no significant differences between the two strains. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed that during 40-48 weeks of age, NIDDM became very severe with advancing insulin resistance in OLETF rats.