In Situ Polymerization Electrospinning of Amine-Epoxy/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofiber Webs for Direct CO Capture from the Air.

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, there is a growing need to actively capture carbon dioxide (CO) from the atmosphere. As a method to capture CO directly from the atmosphere, direct air capture (DAC) is attracting attention and amine-based compounds have been extensively studied as CO adsorbents. In this research, we developed thermosetting DAC nanofibers with excellent low-temperature desorption properties and good heat resistance by polymerizing an amine with epoxy.

Evolution of Key Factors Influencing Performance Across Phases in Junior Short Sprints.

Sprint performance plays a crucial role in various sports. Short sprints vary depending on the size of the court/playing field and on competitive characteristics, but are common in many sports. Although the relationship between age and muscle strength has been explored in short sprints, there is limited understanding of how various physical factors interact, particularly concerning differences in the acceleration phase.

Pilot Study on the Relationship Between Different Lower Limb Raising Velocities and Trunk Muscle Contraction in Active Straight Leg Raise.

Background/objectives: The active straight leg raise requires intricate coordination between the hip, knee, pelvis, and spine. Despite its complexity, limited research has explored the relationship between lower limb raising velocity and trunk muscle motor control during an active straight leg raise in healthy individuals. This study aimed to explore the potential effects of increased lower limb raising velocity on core muscle contractions during active straight leg raises.

Determinants of Maximal Dorsiflexion Range of Motion: Multi-Perspective Comparison Using Mechanical, Neural, Morphological, and Muscle Quality Factors.

: the purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of mechanical, neural, morphological, and muscle quality factors on individual differences in the maximal ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM). : A sample of 41 university students performed passive-dorsiflexion and morphological measurements. In the passive-dorsiflexion measurement, while the ankle was passively dorsiflexed, maximal dorsiflexion ROM was measured in addition to passive torque at a given angle and muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) displacement during the last 13° as mechanical factors, and stretch tolerance and muscle activation were measured as neural factors.

Cryo-EM structure of the human Pannexin-3 channel.

Pannexin-3 (PANX3) is a member of the pannexin family of large-pore, ATP-permeable channels conserved across vertebrates. PANX3 contributes to various developmental and pathophysiological processes by permeating ATP and Ca ions; however, the structural basis of PANX3 channel function remains unclear. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of human PANX3 at 2.

Macrophage-like Blood Cells Are Involved in Inter-Tissue Communication to Activate JAK/STAT Signaling, Inducing Antitumor Turandot Proteins in Fat Body via the TNF-JNK Pathway.

Turandot (Tot) family proteins, which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after infection, also suppress lymph gland tumors in mutant larvae. We investigated the potential role of hemocytes in induction in tumor-bearing mutants via immunostaining and RNAi experiments. Normal hemocytes transplanted into mutant larvae were recruited to the tumor and fat body (FB), suggesting that these cells transmit tumor-related information.

Lignin Isolated by Microwave-Assisted Acid-Catalyzed Solvolysis Induced Cell Death in Mammalian Tumor Cells by Modulating Apoptotic Pathways.

Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer, has been shown to suppress the growth of mammalian tumor cells. Despite extensive studies on lignin structure and its engineering, there is little information on the biological activity of lignin in relation to its molecular structure or the molecular mechanisms by which lignin suppresses tumor cells in mammalian species. Here, we prepared microwave-assisted acid-catalyzed solvolysis lignin (MASL) from Japanese cedar and and assessed its effects on human and mouse tumor cells.

The Thermal-Stable LH1-RC Complex of a Hot Spring Purple Bacterium Powers Photosynthesis with Extremely Low-Energy Near-Infrared Light.

is a hot spring purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium that contains bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) . Here, we present a 2.21 Å cryo-EM structure of the thermostable light-harvesting 1-reaction center (LH1-RC) complex from .

Ferroelastic Domain Switching and Time-Resolved Negative Capacitance in Polar-Axis-Oriented HfZrO Grown by Atomic Layer Epitaxy.

Ferroelectric properties of HfZrO are strongly correlated with its crystallographic orientation, with the [001] direction serving as the polar axis. However, the epitaxial growth of highly polar-axis-oriented HfZrO layers with pronounced ferroelectricity is rarely reported. Here epitaxial (001)-oriented HfZrO thin films grown by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is demonstrated, which achieve a state-of-the-art ferroelectric polarization up to 78.

Dithienoarsinines: stable and planar π-extended arsabenzenes.

Stable planar dithienoarsinines were synthesized and structurally characterized. These compounds exhibit monomeric structures in the solution and solid states, avoiding dimerization, even in the absence of steric protection. They exhibited high global aromaticity with 14 or 22π-electron systems.

Analytical solutions for macroscopic elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficient of composite materials containing coated fillers oriented randomly based on the double inclusion method.

In this study, micromechanical analysis will be performed to derive explicit solutions of the macroscopic elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficient for composite materials, where spheroidal-coated fillers are oriented randomly in the material. This analysis is carried out by combining the double inclusion method with the self-consistent method or the Mori-Tanaka theorem. Furthermore, using these solutions, explicit solutions of the macroscopic elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficient are also derived for composite materials containing various types of coated fillers with different physical properties and shapes.

Evaluation of dipole moment of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane compounds.

The aggregation state of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) within a polymer matrix plays a crucial role. Molecular interactions are key driving forces for aggregation, and one of the key physical parameters is the dipole moment (DPM). Quantum calculations such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations can be used to estimate the DPM.

Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles by Yonemitsu Three-Component Reactions Accelerated in Microdroplet/Thin Film.

3-Substituted indoles are an important framework of many drugs, agricultural chemicals, functional materials, and bioactive compounds. Malononitrile-based three-component Yonemitsu reactions are attractive choices for the synthesis of 3-substituted indole derivatives but suffered from long reaction time and harsh conditions (e.g.

The anillin knockdown in the Drosophila nervous system shows locomotor and learning defects.

Anillin (Ani) is an evolutionarily conserved protein with a multi-domain structure that cross-links cytoskeletal proteins and plays an essential role in the formation of the contractile ring during cytokinesis. However, Ani is highly expressed in the human central nervous system (CNS), and it scaffolds myelin in the CNS of mice and modulates neuronal migration and growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although Ani is also highly expressed in the Drosophila CNS, its role remains unclear.

Information structure of heterogeneous criticality in a fish school.

Integrated information theory (IIT) assesses the degree of consciousness in living organisms from an information-theoretic perspective. This theory can be generalised to other systems, including those exhibiting criticality. In this study, we applied IIT to the collective behaviour of Plecoglossus altivelis and observed that the group integrity (Φ) was maximised at the critical state.

Synthesis of Bis(diimino)palladium Nanosheets as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution.

Development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) is necessary to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable hydrogen production. To reduce cost and to circumvent the scarcity of platinum, the most efficient catalyst for HER, it is essential to develop catalysts using ubiquitous base metals or minimal amounts of precious metals. Bis(diimino)metal (MDI) coordination nanosheets are potential HER catalysts because their electric conductivities, two-dimensionality, and porous structures provide large surface areas and efficient mass and electron transfer.

Synthesis of Janus All- Tetrafluorocyclohexanes Carrying 1,4-Diether Motifs.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions (SAr) of alkoxides on pentafluoroaryl ethers are explored as a first step in a synthesis sequence to generate all- 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexyl-1,4-dialkyl ethers . The SAr reaction was explored both experimentally and theoretically to rationalize // selectivities. -Butyl deprotection of products followed by phenol alkylations introduces versatility to the synthesis.

Smart and Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Poly(-isopropylacrylamide)s by Ring Expansion RAFT (RE-RAFT) Polymerization and Analysis of Their Unique Temperature-Responsive Properties.

Cyclic polymers have many interesting properties compared to their linear analogs, but there are very few examples of their synthesis. This is because most cyclic polymers have been synthesized by stepwise processes, including synthesizing homo- or hetero-telechelic end-functionalized precursor polymers and consecutive intramolecularly coupling of both ends of the polymers. This requires a complicated synthesis, and the product yields are very low because the target cyclic polymers are usually synthesized under highly dilute conditions, consequently, making it difficult to systematically analyze the properties of cyclic polymers.

Biological Activity of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: A Critical Review.

The commercial use of SiN ceramics in the biomedical field dates back to the early 1980s and, initially, did not show promising results, which is why their biocompatibility was not then investigated further until about 10 years later. Over the years, a change in trend has been observed; more and more studies have shown that this material could possess high biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. However, the relevant literature struggles to find mechanisms that can incontrovertibly explain the reasons behind the biological activity of SiN.

Chirality-Dependent Anisotropic Nonlinear Optical Effect in Low-Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides.

Low-dimensional hybrid metal halides (LDHMHs) have emerged as a highly promising class of functional materials for a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Their exceptional structural tunability, facilitated by the hybridization of metal halides with organic compounds, enables the formation of three-, two-, one-, or zero-dimensional structures. This flexibility in structural design also allows the incorporation of chirality into the crystalline lattice, giving rise to novel LDHMH materials that are capable of selectively interacting with the spin angular momentum of electrons and photons.

Effects of lignin on indigo-reducing activity and indigo particle size in indigo dye suspensions.

Microbial indigo reduction is a key reaction in indigo dyeing; however, the mechanism of the interaction with indigo remains unclear. We hypothesized that lignin is a candidate substance that supports this interaction. The addition of lignin effectively enhanced the indigo reduction.

In vitro selection of dye-fluorescence-enhancing peptide aptamer by cDNA display.

Although Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is useful and most widely used, steric hindrance due to its size and the time required for chromophore formation are complications. However, it is difficult to form chromophores with peptides to reduce the molecular weight. Therefore, we focused on peptides that can become fluorescent by binding to dyes.