Light-chilling Stress Causes Hyper-accumulation of Iron in Shoot, Exacerbating Leaf Oxidative Damage in Cucumber.

Iron availability within the root system of plants fluctuates depending on various soil factors, which directly impacts plant growth. Simultaneously, various environmental stressors, such as high/low temperatures and high light intensity, affect plant photosynthesis in the leaves. However, the combined effects of iron nutrient conditions and abiotic stresses have not yet been clarified.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Hepatopancreas in the Sex-Related Size Differences of .

, a commercially popular crustacean species within the Chinese context, is recognized for its exceptional nutritional composition and palatability. There are significant differences in growth between male and female . Herein, transcriptomics was used to determine the hepatopancreas transcriptome differences between sex-related size differences in .

Determinant of factors associated with water requirement measured using the doubly labelled water method among older Japanese adults.

Objective: Water is an essential nutrient for all organisms and is important for maintaining life and health. We aimed to develop a biomarker-calibrated equation for predicting water turnover (WT) and pre-formed water (PW) using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Comparison of global transcriptomes for nontyphoidal Salmonella clinical isolates from pediatric patients with and without bacteremia after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.

Background: Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) outbreaks of invasive diseases are increasing. Whether the genetic diversity of invasive NTS correlates with the clinical characteristics and bacteremia development in NTS infections remains unclear. In this study, we compared the global transcriptomes between bacteremic and nonbacteremic NTS strains after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.

Molecular detection of and species and morphological characteristics of species in Japanese wild boars.

We investigated intraerythrocytic parasites in 21 Japanese wild boars, , captured in Wakayama Prefecture on the mainland from 2008 to 2009 and in 31 Japanese wild boars from 2011 to 2013 in Kochi Prefecture on Shikoku Island, Japan. We detected small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene (SSUrDNA) fragments of a species in 17 boars from Wakayama and 18 boars from Kochi. The nearly full SSUrDNA sequence (1669 bps) of this species was determined.

Quantitation of Host Cell Proteins by Capillary LC/IMS/MS/MS in Combination with Rapid Digestion on Immobilized Trypsin Column Under Native Conditions.

Host cell protein (HCP) impurities are considered a critical quality attribute of biopharmaceuticals because of their potential to compromise safety and efficacy, and LC/MS-based analytical methods have been developed to identify and quantify individual proteins instead of employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess total HCP levels. Native digestion enables highly sensitive detection of HCPs but requires overnight incubation to generate peptides, limiting the throughput of sample preparation. In this study, we developed an approach employing native digestion on a trypsin-immobilized column to improve the sensitivity and throughput.

Revisiting Protein Reversed-Phase Chromatography for Bottom-Up Proteomics.

We revisited protein reversed-phase chromatography (RP), using state-of-the-art RP columns developed for biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, in order to evaluate the suitability of this methodology as a prefractionation step for bottom-up proteomics. The protein RP prefractionation (Prot-RP) method was compared with two other widely used prefractionation methods, SDS-PAGE and high-pH peptide RP (Pept-RP) by using cell lysates as samples. The overlap between fractions of Prot-RP was comparable to that of SDS-PAGE, and the protein recovery was approximately 2-fold higher.

Effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: High-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition has gained attention, with expectations of an improved respiratory condition, fewer complications, and lower mortality. The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ICHUSHI for randomized controlled trials comparing high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral nutrition to standard enteral nutrition in critically ill adult patients who received enteral nutrition.

Non-destructive estimation of flesh oil content in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) using fluorescence images from 365-nm UV light excitation.

The flesh oil content (OC) is a crucial commercial indicator of avocado maturity and directly correlates with its nutritional quality. To meet export standards and optimize edible characteristics, avocados must be harvested at the appropriate stage of physiological maturity. The significant variability in OC during maturation, without any external morphological indicators, poses a longstanding challenge.

Association of open skill exercise and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with brain volume changes among older community-dwelling Japanese individuals.

Considering that a multifactorial lifestyle approach may prove more effective than a single factor approach to improve or maintain brain health, we evaluated the association of exercise (open skill exercise [OSE] or closed skill exercise [CSE]) combined with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFAs) (docosahexaenoic acid [C22:6n-3, DHA], eicosapentaenoic acid [C20:5n-3, EPA], and arachidonic acid [C20:4n-6, ARA]) intake with brain atrophy among older Japanese individuals (n = 795, aged 60-88 years) without a self-reported history of dementia based on the datasets of a two-year longitudinal study. Brain volumes were measured using three-dimensional T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging for follow-up periods of two years. The associations between multivariate-adjusted changes in brain volumes and OSE or CSE frequency (≥ once/month and < once/month) along with LCPUFA intake (≥ median and < median) at the baseline were assessed using a general linear model.

Towards more realistic cultivated meat by rethinking bioengineering approaches.

Cultivated meat (CM) refers to edible lab-grown meat that incorporates cultivated animal cells. It has the potential to address some issues associated with real meat (RM) production, including the ethical and environmental impact of animal farming, and health concerns. Recently, various biomanufacturing methods have been developed to attempt to recreate realistic meat in the laboratory.

Effects of muscle quantity, muscle quality, and phase angle on whole-body reaction time in 5164 adults aged 20-91 years.

Purpose: Muscle quantity, defined as appendicular lean mass (ALM); muscle quality, defined as the ratio of muscle strength to ALM; and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived phase angle (PhA) are determinants of physical performance. We examined whether muscle quality indices were significant predictors of the whole-body reaction time (WBRT) in healthy female and male adults aged 20-91 years.

Methods: Data from 5164 adults (2869 women and 2295 men; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.

Impact of different feed intake levels on intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of feed intake levels on the development of intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets. Sixty-four 35-d-old healthy weaned piglets ([Large White × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial weight (6.93 ± 0.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies for two quinoa inbred lines from northern and southern highlands of Altiplano where quinoa originated.

Quinoa is emerging as a key seed crop for global food security due to its ability to grow in marginal environments and its excellent nutritional properties. Because quinoa is partially allogamous, we have developed quinoa inbred lines necessary for molecular genetic analysis. Our comprehensive genomic analysis showed that the quinoa inbred lines fall into three genetic subpopulations: northern highland, southern highland, and lowland.

Factors associated with water consumption measured using the stable isotope techniques among Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background/objectives: While some dietary guidelines have established daily water requirements for adults, those for older adults are not well defined. Factors associated with water turnover (WT), indicating water requirements and preformed water (PW), referring to fluids consumed from food and beverages, remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these factors in Japanese adults.

Construction of a -value prediction model and molecular dynamics study of AmNA-containing gapmer antisense oligonucleotide.

RNase H-dependent antisense oligonucleotides (gapmer ASOs) represent a class of nucleic acid therapeutics that bind to target RNA to facilitate RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage, thereby regulating the expression of disease-associated proteins. Integrating artificial nucleic acids into gapmer ASOs enhances their therapeutic efficacy. Among these, amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA) stands out for its potential to confer high affinity and stability to ASOs.

PIONEER REAL Japan: Primary results from a multicenter, prospective, real-world study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japanese clinical practice.

Aims/introduction: PIONEER REAL Japan was a non-interventional prospective study of oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japanese clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: Adults naïve to injectable glucose-lowering therapies initiated oral semaglutide in routine clinical practice and were followed for 34-44 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA) from baseline to end of study; the co-primary endpoint was number of adverse events (AEs).

Association between a combination of cognitively stimulating leisure activities and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on cognitive decline among community-dwelling older Japanese individuals.

Multifactorial lifestyle approaches could be more effective than a single factor for maintaining cognitive function. This study investigated the association of combining cognitively stimulating leisure activities (CSLAs), including puzzles, quizzes, and cognitive training games, with intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA), on cognitive function in the older Japanese individuals without dementia. Participants were community-dwelling Japanese individuals without a self-reported history of dementia ( = 906, aged 60-88 years) from datasets of a 2-year longitudinal study (baseline: 2006-2008 and follow-up: 2008-2010).