[Classification and pathophysiology of symptomatic obesity].

Symptomatic obesity was classified by 1) endocrine obesity, 2) central nerve-related obesity, 3) genetic syndrome with obesity and 4) drug-induced obesity. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the diseases which induce symptomatic obesity, were briefly described. The origins of hyperphagia and obesity in these diseases have not yet clarified.

[Urinary excretion of steroid hormone and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in normal young adult women].

The urinary steroid hormone metabolites and the ratio of pregnenetriol (delta 5P3) to pregnanetriol (P3) as indicators of 3 beta HSD activity in the urine of healthy young female were measured by means of capillary gas chromatography. All of the subjects have finished the normal pubertal development, and their adrenal steroid hormone secretion had reached to the stable state. We analyzed the diurnal variation, fluctuation during menstrual cycle and seasonal variation of delta 5P3/P3.

[Urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites in normal young adult women].

Urinary DHEA and its metabolites in healthy young female were measured by capillary gas chromatography. The subjects achieved normal pubertal development, and their adrenal DHEA secretions had reached to the stable state. The diurnal variation, fluctuation during the menstrual cycle and seasonal variation of urinary DHEA excretion in each subject were relatively low compared with between-subject variability.

How 2-year-old children learn novel part names of unfamiliar objects.

The present study examined whether 2-year-olds can learn a novel part name of an unfamiliar object when an adult demonstrates an action upon a part of the object. In the experiment, an experimenter pointed at, named, and acted upon a certain part (nut) of an unfamiliar object (a u-shaped bolt with a nut) or simply pointed at and named the part. Twenty-four Japanese 2-year-olds were asked to choose a referent for the given name in forced-choice tests.

Comparison of Volatile Compounds from Chungkuk-Jang and Itohiki-Natto.

Volatile compounds from two South-East Asian fermented soybean foods, Chungkuk-jang (CKJ) and Itohiki-natto (natto), were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography (GC), and GC-sniffing. A total of 112 compounds were identified. A large amount of ethanol was detected from CKJ, while acetone and methyl isobutyrate were major components of natto.

Interaction between Potato Starch and Sucrose-lipid Monoesters Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

The formation and dissociation of complexes composed of potato starch and sucrose-lipid monoesters (SE: monocaprate, monolaurate, monomyristate, monopalmitate, and monostearate) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation and dissociation temperatures of each complex increased as the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of SE increased, and as the content of starch increased, overlapping with the gelatinization temperature. Therefore, the DSC curves for starch gelatinization differed according to the added SE and water content.

The role of actions in making inferences about the shape and material of solid objects among Japanese 2 year-old children.

This study examined whether 2 year-old children attend to the relevant properties (shape or material) of solid objects in making inferences when adults demonstrate appropriate actions. In Experiment 1, the experimenter presented 24 Japanese 2 year-olds a nonsense label with an unfamiliar target solid object that was either rigid (e.g.

[The effects of environmental thermal condition on transitional skin temperature of peripheral parts of human hands and feet during exercise].

The effects of environmental temperature on transitional skin temperatures of peripheral parts of human hands and feet were examined during exercise to obtain basic information on thermal characteristics of heat transfer from human body to the environment. Very thin and fat male adults served as subjects who were in contrast regarding fat content. Their skin temperatures were undertaken by thermocouples in a climate chamber.

Simultaneous determination of D- and L-amino acids in the nervous tissues of crustaceans using precolumn derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate and reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.

After the derivatization of D- and L-amino acids with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate, nineteen amino acids were separated into their D- and L-enantiomers and from other physiological amino compounds by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed by three separate runs differing in mobile phase compositions and gradient profiles. Tyrosine, tryptophan and cysteine could not be detected because of their weak reactions with the derivatization reagent.

Human urinary excretion of L-histidine-related compounds after ingestion of several meats and fish muscle.

1. After oral administration of the muscle of skipjack tuna, about 90% of ingested anserine (Ans) was excreted quickly into urine as Ans (8%) and pi-methylHis (82%), indicating the fast decomposition of Ans into pi-methylHis. This was also the case for chicken muscle ingestion.

Major buffering constituents in animal muscle.

1. Among the muscles of six fish species, three mammals, and a bird, white muscle of skipjack tuna showed the highest buffering capacity (BC) in the pH range 6.5-7.

Changes in Nicotinamide Metabolism by One Amino Acid Deficiency. (I) Threonine-, Tryptophan-, Aspartic Acid-, Lysine-, Leucine-, or Methionine-free Diet.

Effects of a threonine-, tryptophan-, aspartic acid-, lysine-, leucine-, or methionine-free diet fed to rats on the metabolism of nicotinamide were investigated. The body weights of rats and food intakes were greatly decreased by feeding of the diet excluding any of the above essential amino acids compared to the control group, however, not by feeding of an aspartic acid-free diet. The sum of the urinary excretion of nicotinamide, N(1)-methylnicotinamide (MNA), N(1) -methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-Py), and N(1) -methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-Py) changed roughly in proportion to food intake.

Interorgan transport and catabolism of carnosine and anserine in rainbow trout.

1. After large amounts of carnosine or anserine were injected into rainbow trout white muscle, they were promptly washed out into blood and incorporated mainly into kidney. 2.

Nutritional and physiological effects of casein modified by glucose, diacetyl, or hexanal.

Casein was modified by glucose, diacetyl, or hexanal at 50 degrees C, RH 75% for 1, 7, or 11 days. The chemical changes and digestibility in vitro of these nondialyzable caseins were investigated. The effects of these nondialyzable caseins supplemented with lost amino acids, on rats were studied by pair-feeding for 2 months.