Significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Characterization of Equivocal Lesions in High-Risk Testicular Carcinoma in Restaging Setting.

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the role of Positron emission tomography (PET) -computed tomography (CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the restaging of high-risk testicular cancer.

Methods: Forty-five patients (mean age of 38.1±11.

Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

68Ga-PMSA Uptake in the Lung: Metastatic Versus Primary Lung Tumor.

Ga-PSMA is a promising tracer for both primary staging and detection of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. PSMA is also expressed in the neovascular endothelium of various solid malignancies possibly due to tumor-associated angiogenic factors and endothelial cell sprouting. We report a case of a 73-year-old man of prostate cancer with rising prostate-specific antigen levels.

Cancer Survival by Stage at Diagnosis in Kuwait: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: To examine the distribution of stage at diagnosis for 12 cancers in Kuwait, to estimate stage-specific net survival at 1 and 5 years after diagnosis, and to assess differences in stage-specific survival between Kuwait and the United States.

Material And Methods: Data were obtained from the Kuwait Cancer Registry, for Kuwaiti patients diagnosed during 2000-2013, with follow-up to 31 December 2015. The distribution of Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Summary Stage for 12 malignancies was examined.

Normal Variant 18F-Sodium Fluoride Uptake in the Falx Cerebri Ossification.

Falx cerebri ossification is an incidental finding. Mostly it is easy to diagnose, but can be challenging in few cases, and should be distinguished from calcified meningioma, hematoma, and meningeal infiltration. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with breast cancer complaining of back pain.

Adductor Insertion Avulsion Syndrome with Stress Fracture in Morbidly Obese Patient Diagnosed on F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography.

Adductor insertion avulsion syndrome, also known as "thigh splints," is a painful condition affecting the proximal to mid-femur at the insertion of the adductor muscles of the thigh. F-Sodium fluoride (F-NaF) is increasingly used in diagnosing skeletal pain which is not identified on radiographs. We report a case of a 56-year-old morbidly obese woman with left hip pain referred for F-NaF positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) as magnetic resonance imaging cannot be performed due to obesity.

Tc-99m HDP Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in Stress Fracture of Base of Metatarsal Bone.

Proximal metatarsal stress fractures are common at base of the second metatarsal, typically seen in repetitive impact athletes, dancers, and those with cavus feet. It is caused by increased bone resorption rather than formation in a state of abrupt increased physical activity or intensity, leading to repetitive microfractures and eventually stress fracture. It is characterized by swelling and tenderness of a prolonged duration.

Molecular imaging of bone metastases using bone targeted tracers.

Molecular imaging using bone targeted tracers has been used in clinical practice for almost fifty years and still plays an essential role in the diagnosis and follow-up of bone metastases. It includes both [99mTc]bisphosphonates for bone scan and [18F]NaF for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) which are very sensitive to detect osteoblastic activity, but it is important to consider several aspects to increase the specificity of reported findings (such as specific tracer characteristics and mechanism of action, patient's clinical history, common metastatic patterns, changes after treatment, limitations of the technique, variations and pitfalls). This will enable useful information for clinical management being provided in the report.

Neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer. Nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques: A narrative review.

Background: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for patients suffering from relapsing or advanced prostate cancer (PC). Hormone therapy generally guarantees adequate clinical control of the disease for some years, even in those patients affected by widespread skeletal and soft tissue metastases. Despite ADT, however, most patients treated with hormones eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), for which there are no effective treatments.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Nivolumab)-Induced Enterocolitis Demonstrated on Fluorine-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography.

Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is a humanized anti-programmed death-1 monoclonal antibody that is used for the treatment of various cancers after second-line chemotherapy. We report a 23-year-old male with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma Stage IV treated with nivolumab. After 3 months of treatment, he developed watery diarrhea and cramping abdominal pain.

Triple Negative Breast Cancer: 10-Year Survival Update of The Applied Treatment Strategy in Kuwait.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is recognized as a distinct clinical and biological entity of poor outcome for almost two decades, yet its treatment strategy still needs to be better specified. The study aim is to update the 10-year survival data of our TNBC patients and to find its association with different treatment modalities.

Patients And Methods: We updated the 10-year survival data of 359 women diagnosed with TNBC between 1999 and 2009 in the Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC).

Cancer survival trends in Kuwait, 2000-2013: A population-based study.

Objective: To examine population-based cancer survival trends in Kuwait; to facilitate public assessment of cancer control.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Kuwait Cancer Registry for Kuwaiti adults (15-99 years) and children (0-14 years) diagnosed with one of 18 common cancers during 2000-2013 and followed up to 31 December 2014. Net survival was estimated at 1, 3, and 5 years by sex.

A Novel Approach to Obtain Follow-up Data on the Vital Status of Registered Cancer Patients: The Kuwait Cancer Registry Experience.

Objective: We present an approach to obtain accurate and complete data on the last known vital status, and the date of last known vital status of all Kuwaiti cancer patients. These data are essential for robust estimation of population-based cancer survival.

Methods: Government-issued Civil ID numbers (IDs) of patients registered during 2000-2013 were obtained from the Kuwait Cancer Registry.

Proportion of cancers attributable to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Cancer is a major contributing cause of morbidity and mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The aim of the current study was to estimate the cancer burden attributable to major lifestyle and environmental risk factors. We used age-, sex- and site-specific incidence estimates for 2012 from IARC's GLOBOCAN, and assessed the following risk factors: smoking, alcohol, high body mass index, insufficient physical activity, diet, suboptimal breastfeeding, infections and air pollution.

Physical therapy pathway and protocol for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Recommendations from The Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EMBMT) Group.

Background: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are often referred for physical therapy (PT) to help improve their quality of life. However, to our knowledge there is no clear PT pathway to guide therapists and patients before, during, and after HSCT.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was carried out exploring the role and benefits of PT in HSCT patients.

Efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, despite advances in management, especially with targeted agents and immunotherapy. Numerous oncogenes have been identified that control the growth of these malignancies. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase that develops distorted functioning as a result of chromosomal rearrangement.

Correlation of Ultrasound Findings and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for the Diagnosis of Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Breast Carcinoma.

Objective: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (USG-FNAC) is used for the detection of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma (BC). US findings have a good diagnostic accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to correlate the detection of ALN metastases on US with FNAC in BC patients.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of head and neck cancer: Performance and potential.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumors of the head and neck usually encompasses diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravenous (IV) contrast T1 dynamic perfusion imaging (DCE-MRI or PWI). Both techniques can characterize different tissues by probing into their microstructure, providing a novel approach in oncological imaging. In this pictorial review, we will cover the important technical aspects of DWI and PWI, the pathophysiological background and the current applications and potential of these functional MRI techniques in the imaging of head and neck cancer.

Cutaneous Metastasis of Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma to Face and Scalp at Initial Diagnosis: Case Report.

Cutaneous metastases from colorectal cancer are very rare. They appear in less than 0.5% of colorectal metastatic cases at time of initial diagnosis.

Awareness, understanding, attitude and barriers toward prescribing modern cancer immunotherapies in the Arabian Gulf countries.

Introduction: The use of modern immunotherapy has been evolving over the past few years, and various new agents have been developed for new indications at multiple primary sites in oncology. It is important for physicians who are involved in cancer care to be aware and updated about new therapeutic agents and their indications, potential benefits, and side effects.

Patients And Methods: From October to November 2017, we conducted a survey on the awareness, understanding, attitude, and barriers associated with prescribing modern cancer immunotherapies among physicians in the Arabian Gulf countries.

Colon Cancer in Patients below Age of 50 Years: Kuwait Cancer Control Center Experience.

Background: This study was undertaken to analyze and evaluate the clinico-pathological profile and the outcome of young patients diagnosed with colon cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the colon at or below the age of 50 years from January 2000 to December 2007 in Kuwait were analyzed. This study retrieved 130 patients diagnosed = 50 years, representing 22% of colon cancer patients in this period, 67 females and 63 males.

Unsuspected Metastases to Muscles in Osteosarcoma Detected on 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET-CT.

Metastasis of osteosarcoma to the muscles is extremely rare. F-sodium fluoride (NaF) is a bone-seeking agent that can also localize extraosseous calcifying lesions. We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with osteosarcoma of the right fibula treated with surgery and chemotherapy 2 years back who was referred for F-NaF PET-CT to evaluate possible metastatic lesions.

Technical feasibility, radiation dosimetry and clinical use of F-sodium fluoride (NaF) in evaluation of metastatic bone disease in pediatric population.

Purpose: The role of F-fluoride (F-NaF) PET-CT for the detection of bone metastases in adults is well established and is considered superior to conventional bone scintigraphy. However, data pertaining use of F-NaF PET-CT in pediatric oncology is relatively sparse. The aim of the present study is to retrospectively analyze and share a single-center experience of F-NaF PET-CT in pediatric population and to provide preliminary information regarding imaging technique, feasibility of this modality in young patients and radiation dosimetry measurements in pediatric oncology cases.