[Antifungal immunity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps].

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of antifungal immunity in patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Material And Methods: The study included 74 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and a control group consisting of 30 almost healthy individuals. All patients underwent surgery and were divided into two groups: Group I - with liquid secretion (=39), Group II - with thick secretion in the paranasal sinuses (=35).

[The impact of the impairment of social cognitive functions in acute stage of stroke on its functional outcomes].

Objective: To analyze the influence of the impairment of social cognitive functions (SCF) in acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) on its functional outcomes in 6 months.

Material And Methods: One hundred patients with IS were included in the study. The assessment of social-demographic, clinical characteristics and SCF (theory of mind (ToM), affective empathy, social empathy) of the patients on the day 10 after stroke was conducted.

Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioral amyotrophic lateral sclerosis screen.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative condition with observable cognitive and behavioral impairment. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) is a tool developed specifically for people with ALS (pwALS) and previously translated into Russian, but the psychometric properties have not yet been explored. The aim was to explore and determine the psychometric properties of the Russian-version of ECAS (ECAS-R).

[Clinical case of dirofiariosis in the practice of otorhinolaryngologist].

The article presents the clinical case of a young woman with the dirofilariosis of the nose slope on the right side. This disease is quite rare, and therefore there is a difficulty in setting the correct one. This case is a professional interest both for young doctors and for experienced specialists.

[Possibilities of optimizing therapy in COVID-19 survivors with focal epilepsy].

Objective: To study the effect of phenosanoic acid therapy on the frequency of seizures, asthenia and quality of life of adult patients with focal epilepsy who had a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Material And Methods: The data of 20 patients with focal epilepsy who suffered COVID-19 and received therapy with phenosanic acid (Dibufelon) were studied. The frequency of epileptic seizures, the severity of asthenia and the quality of life were evaluated according to clinical scales.

[Thalamic lesion in tick-borne encephalitis].

Signal enhancement on T2-weighted images of the thalamus on one or both sides by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is among the most frequently observed neuroradiological findings in patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis. The article presents a clinical case of a patient who had an encephalo-polyoencephalomyelitic form of tick-borne encephalitis with MRI picture of a typical bilateral thalamic lesion. Such changes according to neuroimaging studies may have a clinical differential-diagnostic value, and the knowledge of these features by neuroradiologists and neurologists will contribute to the correct diagnosis of acute tick-borne encephalitis, especially most severe forms.

[Efficacy and safety of sampeginterferon β-1a in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: results of 52 weeks of therapy in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of samPEG-IFN-β1a 180 μg and 240 μg administered once every 2 weeks for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to placebo and low dose interferon beta-1a (LIB) 30 μg administered once weekly. The primary endpoint after 52 weeks of therapy was the time to first relapse, the hypotheses of non-inferiority and superiority to LIB were tested.

Material And Methods: This international, multicenter, double blind, comparative, placebo-controlled clinical study enrolled 399 patients with the diagnosis of RRMS, randomized in 4 groups: samPEG-IFN-β1a180 μg (=114), samPEG-IFN-β1a 240 μg (=114), LIB (=114) and placebo (=57).

Comparison of biosimilar Tigerase and Pulmozyme in long-term symptomatic therapy of patients with cystic fibrosis and severe pulmonary impairment (subgroup analysis of a Phase III randomized open-label clinical trial (NCT04468100)).

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) need costly medical care and adequate therapy with expensive medicinal products. Tigerase® is the first biosimilar of dornase alfa, developed by the lead Russian biotechnology company GENERIUM. The aim of the manuscript to present post hoc sub-analysis of patients' data with cystic fibrosis and severe pulmonary impairment of a larger comparative study (phase III open label, prospective, multi-centre, randomized study (NCT04468100)) of a generic version of recombinant human DNase Tigerase® to the only comparable drug, Pulmozyme®.

[Urinary disturbances in patients with diabetes].

The significance of diabetes is not only due to its high prevalence, but also to its serious complications. Urinary disturbances, which are referred as diabetic cystopathy, are among the most common complications of diabetes. The current data on the prevalence, manifestations, and possible pathogenesis of diabetic cystopathy are presented in the review of literature.

[Genetic aspects of primary hyperoxaluria: epidemiology, ethiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of the disorder].

Primary hyperoxaluria is a group of rare inherited diseases characterized by impaired oxalate metabolism with the early manifestation of urolithiasis and the development of the chronic kidney disease. The mutations in the AGXT, GRHPR, HOGA1 genes are attributable for different types of primary hyperoxaluria leading to the dysfunction of specific enzymes involved in the oxalate metabolism. The article summary the current data on the epidemiology, genetic and biochemical aspects of pathogenesis of the primary hyperoxaluria types 1-3.

[The impairment of bone-mineral metabolism in the development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of systemic vertigo in clinical practice. The results of recent research demonstrated the decrease of bone mineral density, level of vitamin D and estrogen in blood serum in patients with BPPV. In summary these data points at the relationship between osteoporosis/osteopenia and BPPV.

[A role of vascular risk factors in the development of peripheral vestibulopathy].

The development of peripheral vestibular disorders are often thought to be associated with vascular mechanisms, taking into account terminal type of inner ear blood supply and other predisposing factors. A number of studies indicates a high frequency of vascular risk factors in the patients with vestibular neuronitis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). According to other results, migraine is widely spread among patients with Meniere's disease and BPPV.

Fluoxetine for stroke recovery: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To determine whether fluoxetine, at any dose, given within the first year after stroke to patients who did not have to have mood disorders at randomization reduced disability, dependency, neurological deficits and fatigue; improved motor function, mood, and cognition at the end of treatment and follow-up, with the same number or fewer adverse effects.

Methods: Searches (from 2012) in July 2018 included databases, trials registers, reference lists, and contact with experts. Co-primary outcomes were dependence and disability.

[Vascular mechanisms in Meniere's disease].

Meniere's disease (MD) is chronic multifactorial medical condition caused by endolymphatic hydrops, which etiology is unclear. This review highlights possible vascular mechanisms of MD. Impairment of vascular regulation, further ischemic damage of labyrinth and venous drainage pathology could lead to endolymphatic hydrops.

Case of iatrogenic botulism after botulinotherapy in clinical practice.

Injections of botulinum toxin are widely used in different medical fields, namely neurology, urology, stomatology, cosmetology, gastroenterology etc. Preparations of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) prevent the release of acetylcholine at the endings of motor nerves leading to the long-term muscle relaxation. It has been acknowledged that treatment with BTA has very good safety profile and tolerability.

Dual diagnosis of epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, correlates, and outcomes.

Comorbid epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) represent a serious challenge for the clinicians. However, the frequency, associations, and outcomes of dual diagnosis of epilepsy and PNES are unclear. The aim of the review was to determine the frequency, correlates, and outcomes of a dual diagnosis.

[Possibilities of retention of work capacity in patients with Parkinson's disease].

Aim: To study the efficacy of replacement of the single daily dose of two-component levodopa by three-component levodopa in work capable patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations during the most active working hours.

Material And Methods: The study included 157 patients from 19 Russian centers specialized in extrapyramidal pathology. The period of highest working activity was analyzed in all patients.

[The problem of aggressive behavior in epilepsy: clinical and neurobiological aspects].

Aggressive behavior is observed in a significant number of patients with epilepsy. The aggressive behavior is associated with structural and functional changes in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and striatum. From the clinical point of view, aggressive behavior more often is not related to the seizure, and develops as part of borderline psychiatric disorder.

[The role of urinary tract infection in the development of recurrent nephrolithiasis].

This is a literature review on the role of microbial flora in the development of recurrent urolithiasis. The authors outline pathogenetic aspects of recurrent stone formation associated bacterial flora. A number of studies reported that standard urine culture has limited sensitivity in detecting urinary tract infection.

[Depression and depression-related disorders after a subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Psychiatric disorders often develop after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); the most frequent of them are depression and depression-related disorders (anxiety, apathy, pathological fatigue, posttraumatic stress disorder, etc.). Both biological and psychological mechanisms may underlie the development of these disorders.

[L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria caused by a new mutation in the L2HGDH gene].

The authors present a case-report of 13 year-old girl with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria [MIM#236792], a rare autosomal/recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the L-encoding 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH, 14q21.3). Clinical signs of the disease are presented by predominantly neurological symptoms (epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment).

[Pathological fatigue and fatigability after stroke].

Aim: To compare the phenomena of pathological fatigue and fatigability in patients after stroke.

Material And Methods: Forty-two patients were examined 6-24 months after stroke onset. Fatigue and fatigability were assessed by Russian versions of the Fatigue Assessment Scale and the Dutch Exertional Fatigue Scale, respectively.