Muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS) recurrent mutation in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer.

The prognosis of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer (Type IV) is extremely poor. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis of Type IV and to identify new therapeutic targets. Although previous studies using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing have elucidated genomic alterations in gastric cancer, none has focused on comprehensive genetic analysis of Type IV.

Breast Cancer Resistance to Antiestrogens Is Enhanced by Increased ER Degradation and ERBB2 Expression.

Endocrine therapies effectively improve the outcomes of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, the emergence of drug-resistant tumors creates a core clinical challenge. In breast cancer cells rendered resistant to the antiestrogen fulvestrant, we defined causative mechanistic roles for the transcription factor YBX1 and the levels of ER and the ERBB2 receptor.

Heterogeneous clinical features in patients with pulmonary fibrosis showing histology of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.

Background: The histological pattern of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is well defined, but its clinical features remain unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the predominantly involved lung-fields (based on abnormal opacities on computed tomography [CT] images), and the initial value and annual decline of respiratory function in patients with pulmonary fibrosis presenting with histologically confirmed PPFE.

Results: Thirteen female and nine male subjects were included.

CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes contribute to spontaneous "healing" in HER2-positive ductal carcinoma in situ.

We evaluated the associations between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including CD8-positive [+] lymphocytes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and histopathologic factors, particularly spontaneous "healing" and immunohistochemical (IHC)-based subtypes, to clarify the effects of host immune response to cancer cells proliferation during early carcinogenesis for the breast cancer. This cohort enrolled 82 DCIS patients. We examined the relationships between clinicopathologic factors including age, DCIS architecture, Van Nuys classification, grade, comedo necrosis, apocrine features, TIL, CD8(+) lymphocytes, healing, estrogen receptor and HER2 positivity, and IHC-based subtypes [luminal, luminal-HER2, HER2-positive, triple negative (TN)].

Two progressive pathways of microinvasive carcinoma: low-grade luminal pathway and high-grade HER2 pathway based on high tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Aims: While cancer immunity is involved in tumour progression from the very early stage, no detailed study has been reported on the relationship between 'early-stage' breast cancer and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We focused on microinvasive carcinoma to investigate the relationship between histological tumour factors and immunity in 'early' breast cancer.

Methods: Of 2593 resected breast carcinomas, 46 microinvasive carcinomas (1.

[METANEPHRIC ADENOMA DIAGNOSED PREOPERATIVELY AS RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: A REPORT OF TWO CASES].

Metanephric adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. We report two cases of metanephric adenoma that were diagnosed preoperatively as renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Case 1 was a right renal tumor found by ultrasonography in a 57-year old woman who presented for a medical examination.

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck: a case report with magnetic resonance hydrography findings.

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, also called the "female hydrocele," is a rare developmental disorder in females. This entity is now believed to be more common now in comparison with previous reports; however, it is still an unfamiliar problem for physicians. The processus vaginalis accompanies the round ligament through the inguinal canal into the labium majus.

Management of breast papillary lesions diagnosed in ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted and core needle biopsies.

Aims: To assess the outcome of breast papillary lesions diagnosed by ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CB) or vacuum-assisted 'mammotome' biopsy (MT), the accuracy of these diagnoses, and whether it is justified not to undertake surgical excision of non-malignant papillary lesions so diagnosed.

Methods And Results: Among 3219 (MT, 2195; CB, 1024) breast biopsies spanning 5 years, 185 (5.7%) papillary lesions [MT, 162 (88%); CB, 23 (12%)] were identified.