Gender differences in dietary behaviors among Japanese adolescents.

Unhealthy dietary behaviors in adolescence are an important public health problem. Gender differences in dietary behaviors have already appeared during adolescence. However, few studies have assessed a variety of adolescent dietary behaviors in Japan.

Skipping breakfast, poor sleep quality, and Internet usage and their relation with unhappiness in Japanese adolescents.

Subjective happiness is often regarded as a major life goal. Although Japan is an economically powerful country, the level of subjective well-being reported among Japanese adolescents is lower than in other countries. We aimed to investigate the lifestyle factors related to unhappiness in Japanese adolescents.

Long-term outcome of endoscopic resection for intramucosal esophageal squamous cell cancer: a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort study.

Background: Prospectively collected long-term data of patients undergoing endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prospectively collected long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for ESCC as a secondary analysis of the Japan Esophageal Cohort (JEC) study.

Methods: Patients who underwent endoscopic resection of intramucosal ESCC at 16 institutions between September 2005 and May 2010 were enrolled in the JEC study.

Effectiveness of planned surveillance for detecting second primary head and neck cancers after endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Second primary head and neck cancers after endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma adversely affect patients' outcomes and the quality of life; however, an adequate surveillance schedule remains unclear.

Methods: We analyzed 330 patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent endoscopic resection and were registered in the multicenter cohort study to evaluate adequate surveillance for detection of second primary head and neck cancers. Gastrointestinal endoscopists examined the head and neck regions after 3-6 months of endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and subsequently every 6 months.

Changes in smoking behavior among victims after the great East Japan earthquake and tsunami.

Background: In areas affected by the tsunami of the great East Japan Earthquake, smoking behavior may have deteriorated due to high stress and drastic changes in living environment. Surveys were conducted to reveal changes in smoking behaviors among victims.

Methods: A population-based random-sample home-visit interview survey of victims in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures affected by the tsunami disaster was conducted in 2012 (n = 1978), while a population-based nationwide survey was conducted in 2013 (n = 1082).

Neurobiological influence of comorbid conditions in young patients diagnosed with gaming disorder: A whole-brain functional connectivity study based on a data driven method.

Gaming disorder, which is characterized by multiple cognitive and behavioral symptoms, often has comorbid psychiatric conditions such as depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurobiological effects of the comorbid disorders so far reported are not converging, exhibiting positive and negative alterations of the connectivity in brain networks. In this study, we conducted resting-state functional magnetic-resonance imaging and whole brain functional connectivity analyses for young participants consisting of 40 patients diagnosed with the gaming disorder, with and without comorbid conditions, and 29 healthy controls.

Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance.

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and "staying at home" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.

Relationship between problematic gaming and age at the onset of habitual gaming.

Background: Some studies have revealed that a substantial proportion of the younger population has engaged in problematic gaming with even infants recently being able to enjoy video games. However, the relationship between the risk for problematic gaming and age at which habitual gaming starts remains unknown. This study therefore investigated this relationship among adolescents.

Relationship between problematic Internet use and age at initial weekly Internet use.

Background And Aims: An important proportion of infants and adolescents in Japan are using Internet-equipped devices, including smartphones, tablets, and game consoles. However, the relationship between the risk of IA and the age at initial habitual Internet use remains unknown. We aimed to investigate this relationship among adolescents.

Long-term safety and efficacy of nalmefene in Japanese patients with alcohol dependence.

Aim: The safety and efficacy of nalmefene in Japanese patients with high or very high World Health Organization drinking risk level of alcohol dependence were assessed in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 (lead-in) study. Here, the long-term safety and efficacy of nalmefene in an open-label extension of the lead-in study are presented.

Methods: Patients who completed the 24-week lead-in study were eligible for the extension study, where they were treated with nalmefene 20 mg as needed for 24 weeks.

Unguided Chatbot-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Problem Gamblers Through Messaging App: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Internet-delivered intervention may be an acceptable alternative for the more than 90% of problem gamblers who are reluctant to seek face-to-face support. Thus, we aimed to (1) develop a low-dropout unguided intervention named GAMBOT integrated with a messaging app; and (2) investigate its effect. The present study was a randomised, quadruple-blind, controlled trial.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the risk of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer.

Follow-up studies of Japanese patients who had undergone endoscopic resection (ER) for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have reported a high prevalence of metachronous SCC in the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). This prospective multicenter cohort study followed up 330 Japanese patients after ER of ESCC for a median of 49.4 months.

Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: A comprehensive systematic review.

The inclusion of gaming disorder (GD) as an official diagnosis in the ICD-11 was a significant milestone for the field. However, the optimal measurement approaches for GD are currently unclear. This comprehensive systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate all available English-language GD tools and their corresponding evidence.

Impacts of interactions between ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes on alcohol flushing, alcohol reeking on the day after drinking, and age distribution in Japanese alcohol-dependent men.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the impacts of interactions between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (rs1229984) genotype and the aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (rs671) genotype on alcohol flushing, alcohol reeking on the day after drinking, and the age distribution in alcohol-dependent patients.

Methods: The study subjects were 4107 Japanese alcohol-dependent men who underwent alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotyping: 4051 patients were asked about their current or former tendency to experience facial flushing after drinking a glass of beer, and 969 patients were asked about whether they had ever been told that they reeked of alcohol more than 12 hours after they had stopped drinking.

Results: Current, former, and never flushing were reported in 3.

The relationship between subjective happiness and sleep problems in Japanese adolescents.

Objectives: Low sleep quality in adolescents is an important public health concern, as it relates to both their current and future physical and mental health. Furthermore, subjective happiness is also often regarded as a major life goal. Although Japan is an economically powerful country, the reported levels of subjective happiness among Japanese adolescents is low.

Association between the findings of metachronous secondary primary malignancies and the number of Lugol-voiding lesions.

This study was designed to evaluate the relation between dysplastic squamous epithelium in the esophageal mucosa and the development of metachronous secondary primary malignancies (mSPM) other than esophagus after endoscopic resection (ER) in patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We studied 330 patients with early esophageal SCC who underwent ER as a post hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID UMIN000001676). Lugol-voiding lesions (LVL) were graded into 3 categories (A = no lesion; B = 1 to 9 lesions; C ≥ 10 lesions).

Changing trends in cancer incidence of upper aerodigestive tract and stomach in Japanese alcohol-dependent men (1993-2018).

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck SCC (HNSCC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) are frequently detected at an early stage using endoscopic screening in Japanese alcohol-dependent men.

Methods: We performed endoscopic screening with esophageal iodine staining and oropharyngolaryngeal inspection in 7582 Japanese alcohol-dependent men (40-79 years) during 1993-2018, and retrospectively investigated their initial screening results.

Results: The 2008-2018 screening showed lower detection rates for ESCC (2.

Associations among liver disease, serum lipid profile, body mass index, ketonuria, meal skipping, and the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotypes in Japanese men with alcohol dependence.

Aim: To elucidate associations among liver disease, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), ketonuria, and meal skipping under the influence of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B; rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2; rs671) genotypes in men with alcohol dependence.

Methods: We investigated the associations among these variables in 1768 Japanese men with alcohol dependence. Serum lipid levels were followed up after abstinence.

Heated Tobacco Product Smokers in Japan Identified by a Population-Based Survey.

Background: In this study, we aim to estimate the prevalence of heated tobacco product (HTP) smokers 3 years after the launch of HTPs in Japan.

Methods: Our study, performed in February 2018 in Japan, had a cross-sectional population-based design. A total of 4,628 adult participants (2,121 men and 2,507 women) were randomly sampled from all regions of Japan.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 as a therapeutic target.

: Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is a main contributor of the alcohol elimination process. Functional polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene and its inactive form causes unpleasant flushing responses after alcohol consumption and prevents excessive alcohol intake. ALDH2 plays a key role in removing endogenous aldehydes like 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by lipid peroxidation triggered by oxidative stress.

Psychometric validation of the Japanese version of Alcohol Quality of Life Scale (AQoLS-Japan) in the treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder.

Purpose: The Alcohol Quality of Life Scale (AQoLS) is accepted as a useful measure in assessing impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in Western cultures. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the AQoLS (AQoLS-Japan).

Methods: This was a 3-month, observational cohort study in patients undergoing routine treatment for AUD in Japan.