Quantitative assessment of transmural remission in Crohn's disease using low dose computed tomography (CT) enterography perfusion imaging: a single-centre study based on intestinal microcirculation.

Aim: To assess transmural remission in patients with Crohn's disease using low-dose small bowel computed tomography (CT) perfusion scans.

Materials And Methods: Forty six patients were divided into active and remission phases based on Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Dual-source CT enterography with low-dose perfusion scans was conducted to generate perfusion parameter maps, including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability of surface (PS).

Protective mechanism of safflower yellow injection on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objectives: This study intended to explore whether the protective effect safflower yellow injection (SYI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats mediated of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

Methods: The I/R model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min and then releasing the blood flow for 150 min. 96 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, I/R group, Hebeishuang group (HBS), SYI high-dose group (I/R + SYI-H), SYI medium-dose group (I/R + SYI-M) and SYI low-dose group (I/R + SYI-L).

Optimizing collagen-based biomaterials for periodontal regeneration: clinical opportunities and challenges.

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the teeth and their supporting tissues, ultimately culminating in tooth loss. Currently, treatment modalities, such as systemic and local administration of antibiotics, serve to mitigate the progression of inflammation yet fall short in restoring the original anatomical structure and physiological function of periodontal tissues. Biocompatible material-based tissue engineering seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating PD.

CUL4A-DDB1-circRFWD2 E3 ligase complex mediates the ubiquitination of p27 to promote multiple myeloma proliferation.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease characterized by the abnormal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Numerous studies have shown that BM tumor cells can influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) through communication with extracellular vesicle circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of noncoding RNA. Our study revealed that a circular RNA, circRFWD2 (hsa_circ_0015361), is expressed by MM cells and translated into a new protein, circRFWD2_369aa.

DNA damage repair factor Rad18 controls virulence partially via transcriptional suppression of genes and in .

DNA damage repair is a crucial cellular mechanism for rectifying DNA lesions arising during growth and development. Among the various repair pathways, postreplication repair (PRR) plays a pivotal role in resolving single-stranded gaps induced by DNA damage. However, the contribution of PRR to virulence remains elusive in the fungal pathogen .

Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in lung disease pathogenesis.

Lung disease development involves multiple cellular processes, including inflammation, cell death, and proliferation. Research increasingly indicates that autophagy and its regulatory proteins can influence inflammation, programmed cell death, cell proliferation, and innate immune responses. Autophagy plays a vital role in the maintenance of homeostasis and the adaptation of eukaryotic cells to stress by enabling the chelation, transport, and degradation of subcellular components, including proteins and organelles.

Biomimetic periosteum-bone scaffolds with codelivery of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB for skull repair.

Tissue engineering employs the use of bioactive materials to facilitate the filling and acceleration of bone defect healing, thereby introducing novel concepts to the field of in situ bone repair. Some studies have shown that periosteum plays an important role in bone regeneration and repair. In this study, biomimetic periosteum-bone scaffolds were prepared by depositing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) electrospun fibers on the surface of the gelatin/chitosan cryogel to mimic the bone and periosteum structure, respectively.

VEGFD/VEGFR3 signaling contributes to the dysfunction of the astrocyte IL-3/microglia IL-3Rα cross-talk and drives neuroinflammation in mouse ischemic stroke.

Astrocyte-derived IL-3 activates the corresponding receptor IL-3Rα in microglia. This cross-talk between astrocytes and microglia ameliorates the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in mice. In this study we investigated the role of IL-3/IL-3Rα cross-talk and its regulatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke.

Loss of Gst1 enhances resistance to MMS by reprogramming the transcription of DNA damage response genes in a Rad53-dependent manner in Candida albicans.

The DNA damage response is a highly conserved protective mechanism that enables cells to cope with various lesions in the genome. Extensive studies across different eukaryotic cells have identified the crucial roles played by components required for response to DNA damage. When compared to the essential signal transducers and repair factors in the DNA damage response circuitry, the negative regulators and underlying mechanisms of this circuitry have been relatively under-examined.

USP26 Combats Age-Related Declines in Self-Renewal and Multipotent Differentiation of BMSC by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis.

Age-related declines in self-renewal and multipotency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) limit their applications in tissue engineering and clinical therapy. Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind BMSC senescence is crucial for maintaining the rejuvenation and multipotent differentiation capabilities of BMSCs. This study reveals that impaired USP26 expression in BMSCs leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in aging and age-related declines in the self-renewal and multipotency of BMSCs.

Multi-stage cascade GAN for synthesis of contrast enhancement CT aorta images from non-contrast CT.

Recently in diagnosis of Aortic dissection (AD), the synthesis of contrast enhanced CT (CE-CT) images from non-contrast CT (NC-CT) images is an important topic. Existing methods have achieved some results but are unable to synthesize a continuous and clear intimal flap on NC-CT images. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage cascade generative adversarial network (MCGAN) to explicitly capture the features of the intimal flap for a better synthesis of aortic dissection images.

Impact of exercise on cancer: mechanistic perspectives and new insights.

This review critically evaluates the substantial role of exercise in enhancing cancer prevention, treatment, and patient quality of life. It conclusively demonstrates that regular physical activity not only reduces cancer risk but also significantly mitigates side effects of cancer therapies. The key findings include notable improvements in fatigue management, reduction of cachexia symptoms, and enhancement of cognitive functions.

The splicing factor QKI inhibits metastasis by modulating alternative splicing of E-Syt2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in the hallmarks of cancer and can open new avenues for targeted therapies. However, the aberrant AS events and the metastatic cascade in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remain largely unclear. Here, we identify the splicing factor, quaking protein (QKI), which was significantly downregulated in PTC and correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with PTC.

Integrated serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in treatment of lung cancer.

Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used in treating cancer. Our formerly investigations confirmed the anti-lung cancer efficacy of Fuzi, but systematic analysis of the ingredients of Fuzi absorbed into serum and the corresponding molecular mechanism in treating lung cancer remained unknown. In this work, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was applied to detect the ingredients of Fuzi in rat serum.

A deep learning-based cascade algorithm for pancreatic tumor segmentation.

Pancreatic tumors are small in size, diverse in shape, and have low contrast and high texture similarity with surrounding tissue. As a result, the segmentation model is easily confused by complex and changeable background information, leading to inaccurate positioning of small targets and false positives and false negatives. Therefore, we design a cascaded pancreatic tumor segmentation algorithm.

Exercise-downregulated CD300E acted as a negative prognostic implication and tumor-promoted role in pan-cancer.

Background: Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignancies among women globally, with increasing incidence rates. Physical activity, particularly exercise, has emerged as a potentially significant modifier of cancer prognosis, influencing tumor biology and patient outcomes.

Methods: Using a murine breast cancer model, we established a control and an exercise group, where the latter was subjected to 21 days of voluntary running.

Integrated network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of Huangkui Lianchang Decoction for ulcerative colitis treatment.

Background: Huangkui Lianchang Decoction (HLD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. The Study aims to validate the therapeutic effect of HLD on UC and its mechanism by integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation.

Role of oxidative stress in the concurrent development of osteoporosis and tendinopathy: Emerging challenges and prospects for treatment modalities.

Both osteoporosis and tendinopathy are widely prevalent disorders, encountered in diverse medical contexts. Whilst each condition has distinct pathophysiological characteristics, they share several risk factors and underlying causes. Notably, oxidative stress emerges as a crucial intersecting factor, playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of both diseases.

Abnormal brain spontaneous neural activity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with neuropathic pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most common symptoms in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Notwithstanding, its underlying mechanism remains obscure.

Methods: The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) metric was employed to investigate spontaneous neural activity alterations via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-MRI) data from a 3.

Electroacupuncture modulates the TLR4-NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway to attenuate ocular surface inflammation in dry eyes of type 2 diabetic rats.

Bioinformatics analysis was performed to reveal the underlying pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) dry eye(DE) and to predict the core targets and potential pathways for electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of T2DM DE, in which key targets such as Toll-likereceptor4 (TLR4), NF-κB and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may be involved. Next, streptozotocin and a high-fat diet were used to generate T2DM-DE rats. Randomly picked EA, fluorometholone, model, and sham EA groups were created from successfully modelled T2DM DE rats.

Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: The Value of CT Enterography in Assessing Pathological Aggressiveness.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the computed tomography (CT) enterography features of the small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to determine the association with pathological aggressiveness.

Methods: Computed tomography enterography images of 30 patients with the histologically confirmed small bowel GIST were retrospectively enrolled. Tumor size, location, border, growth pattern, enhancement pattern, necrosis, calcification, ulceration, internal air, nodal metastasis, liver metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, and draining vein were evaluated.

Matrilin-3 supports neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by suppressing astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation.

In the brain, the role of matrilin-3, an extracellular matrix component in cartilage, is unknown. Here, we identify that matrilin-3 decreased in reactive astrocytes but was unchanged in neurons after ischemic stroke in animals. Importantly, it declined in serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Electroacupuncture regulates the P2XR-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade to relieve decreased sensation on ocular surface of type 2 diabetic rats with dry eye.

Dry eye (DE) is a prevalent ocular surface disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, current medications are ineffective against decreased sensation on the ocular surface. While electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates decreased sensation on ocular surface of DE in patients with T2DM, the neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear.

Modulation of cellular metabolism and alleviation of bacterial dysbiosis by Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in non-small cell lung cancer treatment.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly prevalent and fatal form of lung cancer. In China, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi in Chinese), derived from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Ranunculaceae, Aconitum), is extensively prescribed to treat cancer in traditional medicine and clinical practice.