Differences in oral microbiota associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus between the Dai and Han populations.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development is closely linked to microbiota, influenced by geography, ethnicity, gender, and age. While the relationship between oral microbiota and T2DM has been explored, specific microbiota associated with T2DM in the Dai and Han populations remains unclear. This study aims to compare oral microbiota differences and identify keystone species between these populations, both with and without T2DM.

Delineating specific structural and functional patterns for neurophysiological biotypes of childhood maltreatment.

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a major risk factor for numerous mental disorders. The long-term consequences of CM on brain structural and functional plasticity have been well documented. However, the neurophysiological biotypes of CM remain unclear although the childhood trauma questionnaire uses different dimensions to assess trauma types.

Glecirasib in KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a phase 2b trial.

Glecirasib (JAB-21822) is a new covalent oral KRAS-G12C inhibitor. This multicenter, single-arm phase 2b study assessed the efficacy and safety of glecirasib administered orally at 800 mg daily in patients with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS-mutated nonsmall-cell lung cancer. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC).

Long-Term efficacy and safety analysis of secukinumab in the treatment of pediatric generalized pustular psoriasis: a real-world study.

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in pediatric patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). A retrospective study was conducted from July 2021 to July 2024, including 10 children with GPP. Patients were divided into two age groups: children aged 0-3 years received 75 mg of secukinumab, while those aged 3-12 years received 150 mg.

Antipyretic Effect of Dexibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Fever Caused by Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.

Dexibuprofen is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of ibuprofen. However, its application as an antipyretic in children with fever caused by upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) requires more evidence. This study aimed to compare the antipyretic effect between dexibuprofen and ibuprofen in children with fever caused by URTI.

Construction and evaluation of a prognostic model of autophagy-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a globally prevalent disease. Our article evaluates risk models based on autophagy- and HCC-related genes and their prognostic value by bioinformatics analytical methods to provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment.

Methods: Prognostic genes were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and risk scores were calculated.

Characterization of the hepatic flora and metabolome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatic bacterial composition and metabolome characteristics of patients with NAFLD using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics. The results of the study revealed substantial differences in hepatic bacterial composition and metabolites between the NAFLD group and the control group. These differences were used to identify potential biomarkers that could be employed to diagnose NAFLD.

Identification and Validation of Epithelial Cell Centre Regulatory Transcription Factors in the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment.

Purpose: To identify the epithelial cell centre regulatory transcription factors in the gastric cancer (GC) microenvironment and provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Methods: The GC single-cell dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors in both pan-cancer and GC microenvironments were analysed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database.

N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation, a new hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the immune microenvironment.

N6-methyladenosine is one of the most common and reversible post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes, and it is involved in alternative splicing and RNA transcription, degradation, and translation. It is well known that cancer cells acquire energy through metabolic reprogramming to exhibit various biological behaviors. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that m6A induces cancer metabolic reprogramming by regulating the expression of core metabolic genes or by activating metabolic signaling pathways.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line combination chemotherapy regimens for metastatic pancreatic cancer and evidence-based pricing strategy of liposomal irinotecan in China.

Background: The phase III NAPOLI-3 trial, which upgraded FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) to NALIRIFOX (liposomal irinotecan, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil), demonstrated the superiority of NALIRIFOX over GEMNABP (gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel) as the first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, and GEMNABP, and to simulate the price of liposomal irinotecan at which NALIRIFOX could achieve cost-effectiveness.

Methods: A partitioned survival model was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX and GEMNABP from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Tumor burden with AFP improves survival prediction for TACE-treated patients with HCC: An international observational study.

Background & Aims: Current prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not extensively validated and widely accepted. We aimed to develop and validate a continuous model incorporating tumor burden and biology for individual survival prediction and risk stratification.

Methods: Overall, 4,377 treatment-naive candidates for whom TACE was recommended, from 39 centers in five countries, were enrolled and divided into training, internal validation, and two external validation datasets.

Mediating effects of psychological resilience on the relationship between social support and body image dissatisfaction among patients with primary brain tumors in China.

Several studies have documented that patients with different types of tumors experience serious body image dissatisfaction (BID). However, few studies have explored BID in patients with brain tumors. This study examined the level of BID and verified the mediating effects of psychological resilience on the relationship between social support and BID among Chinese patients with primary brain tumors.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Diabetes and Diabetic Renal Fibrosis by Modulating the Inflammatory Factor IL-11.

Objective: This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) by investigating their effect on IL-11 modulation in a mouse model.

Methods: The effects of MSC therapy on DN were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Sixty adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes (T1D) and the high-fat diet diabetes (T2D) models, with both groups receiving MSC treatment or saline for 4 or 8 weeks.

[Annual therapeutic advances in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in 2024].

This paper reviews the clinical progress achieved in 2024 in the field of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both nationally and internationally. In the area of targeted therapy, particularly for rare mutations, new targets beyond EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 mutations, such as KRAS G12C, HER2, and MET, have gained more clinical validation and approval for targeted drugs in 2024. KRAS G12C inhibitors have also shown significant improvements in disease control rates for patients.

Influence of the ERK/CHGB pathway in breast cancer progression under chronic stress.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women, and its development involves a variety of complex molecular mechanisms. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Chromogranin B (CHGB) are known to play key roles in various cancers. This study aims to explore the impact of the ERK/CHGB pathway in a chronic stress environment simulated by salbutamol on the development of breast cancer.

Metabolomic Analysis of Nicotine-Induced Metabolic Disruptions and Their Amelioration by Resveratrol.

This study investigates the metabolic disruptions caused by nicotine (NIC) exposure, with a particular focus on amino acid and lipid metabolism, and evaluates resveratrol (RSV) as a potential protective agent. Mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), NIC-exposed, NIC + RSV-treated, and RSV-only. NIC exposure resulted in significant weight loss, elevated glucose levels, altered lipid profiles, and organ damage, particularly in the liver and kidneys.

Copper Deficiency: A Frequently Overlooked Complication After MBS-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This study reviews the prevalence of copper (Cu) deficiency in patients for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), as well as the long-term outcomes related to the prevalence of Cu deficiency after undergoing MBS. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published by August 31, 2024. The search terms included metabolic and bariatric surgery, weight loss surgery, metabolic surgery, obesity surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding, gastric bypass, duodenal switch, duodenojejunal bypass, copper, copper deficiency, and hypocuposemia.

Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of left ventricular mechanical dispersion and scar heterogeneity optimize risk stratification after myocardial infarction.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) myocardial contraction patterns can be assessed using LV mechanical dispersion (LVMD), a parameter closely associated with electrical activation patterns. Despite its potential clinical significance, limited research has been conducted on LVMD following myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived LVMD for adverse clinical outcomes and to explore its correlation with myocardial scar heterogeneity.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Fisetin in Treating Periodontitis Through Multiomics and Network Pharmacology.

Background: Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic inflammatory oral disease that severely affects patients' quality of life. Fisetin has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various biological systems.

Methods: This study first identified the molecular targets of fisetin for PD through network pharmacology analysis.

Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics during gestation and lactation caused fertility decline in female mouse offspring.

The impact of micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) on human health is a significant area of research. Studies on the effects of maternal exposure to microplastics (MPs) on the fertility in offspring have been conducted, but the damage caused by nanoplastics (NPs) remains ambiguous. In this study, pregnant Kunming mice were exposed to 30 mg/kg/day PS-NPs from 0.

Enhancing university students' engagement in studying assistive technology by case-based active learning: a pilot study in Hong Kong.

Assistive technology (AT) professionals are in pressing need with nowadays growing aged/disabled population, so as well-designed higher education programs in this field. This study designed and implemented a case-based active learning approach within an undergraduate course related to AT in Hong Kong, and assessed its impact on enhancing student engagement over two academic years. A total of twelve multimedia patient case dossiers on six major physical disabilities were created.

Risk analysis of cardiovascular toxicity in patients with lymphoma treated with CD19 CAR T cells.

Background: Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a common, yet highly efficient, cellular immunotherapy for lymphoma. However, many recent studies have reported on its cardiovascular (CV) toxicity. This study analyzes the cardiotoxicity of CD19 CAR T cell therapy in the treatment of lymphoma for providing a more valuable reference for clinicians.

Screening for retinopathy of prematurity in China: a five-year cohort study in seven screening centers.

Background: To analyze the demographic characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in China, attempting to propose optimized screening criteria and hopefully providing valuable information for future updates to the ROP guideline.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective-cohort study was conducted. The study included infants born between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2023, who underwent ROP screening and were diagnosed with ROP at seven screening centers in China.

Anxiety and burnout in infectious disease nurses: the role of perceived stress and resilience.

Background: Nurses serving in infectious disease ward represent a distinct occupational group that has attracted considerable attention following epidemic outbreaks. However, prior to this study, no research had delved into the underlying mechanism linking anxiety to burnout symptoms among infectious disease nurses. This study aimed to explore investigate the association between anxiety and burnout among nurses working in such environments and scrutinized the mediating role of perceived stress and the moderating influence of resilience on the principal relationship.