Plastome characterization and its phylogenetic implications on Lithocarpus (Fagaceae).

Background: The genus Lithocarpus is a species-rich dominant woody lineage in East Asian evergreen broad-leaved forests. Despite its ecological and economic significance, the plastome structure and evolutionary history of the genus remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the 34 plastomes representing 33 Lithocarpus species.

CRTC3 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication and is antagonized by CREB.

Virus-encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is essential for genome replication and gene transcription of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We previously identified the interaction between the catalytic subunit NSP12 of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and the host protein CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3), a member of the CRTC family that regulates cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcriptional activation. Currently, the implication of CRTC3 in the pathogenesis of HCoVs is poorly understood.

Identification of allelochemicals under continuous cropping of Morchella mushrooms.

Continuous cropping obstacle has been becoming the bottleneck for the stable development of morel cultivation. The allelopathic effect of soil allelochemicals may play an instrumental role in the morel soil sickness. In this study, the allelochemicals were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with in vitro bioassay.

Leifsonia stereocauli sp. nov., Isolated from Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. Lichen.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-motile with no flagella and irregularly rod-shaped, denominated strain YIM 134122, was isolated from a Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. lichen gathered on Baima Snow Mountain in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The novel strain grew at pH 6.

Understanding the triacylglycerol-based carbon anabolic differentiation in Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus developing tubers via transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches.

Background: Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus, known as 'YouShaDou' in China, YSD) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus, known as 'XiangFuZi' in China, XFZ), closely related Cyperaceae species, exhibit significant differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within their tubers, a key factor in carbon flux repartitioning that highly impact the total lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the carbon anabolic discrepancies between these two species, however, a lack of comprehensive genome-wide annotation has hindered a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results: This study utilizes transcriptomic analyses, supported by a comprehensive YSD reference genome, and metabolomic profiling to uncover the mechanisms underlying the major carbon perturbations between the developing tubers of YSD and XFZ germplasms harvested in Yunnan province, China, where the plant biodiveristy is renowned worldwide and may contain more genetic variations relative to their counterparts in other places.

Potato late blight leaf detection in complex environments.

Potato late blight is a common disease affecting crops worldwide. To help detect this disease in complex environments, an improved YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed. First, ShuffleNetV2 is used as the backbone network to reduce the number of parameters and computational load, making the model more lightweight.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the tetraploid medicinal and natural dye plant Persicaria tinctoria.

Persicaria tinctoria (2n = 40) is an important traditional medicinal plant and natural dye source within the genus Persicaria. P. tinctoria has been utilized for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and tumor treatment properties.

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of stable knockdown and overexpression of the CD8A gene in chicken T lymphocytes.

CD8 subunit alpha (CD8A) is an important gene in immunity and is involved in the functional regulation of T lymphocytes. However, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of CD8A in chicken T lymphocytes remain unknown. In this study, we overexpressed and interfered with CD8A in chicken T lymphocytes and found that interfering with CD8A expression inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of T lymphocytes and that the overexpression of CD8A promoted T lymphocyte activation.

Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Complex in Southwestern China.

and its allies are important edible and medicinal mushrooms in China. They are usually called Jiner () and have been cultivated on a commercial scale. However, due to the lack of DNA sequences from the holotype of , the taxonomic issues of the species complex are unresolved.

Genomic Features of and the Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis.

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have broad applications in biomedicine, biocontrol, and the food industry. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and annotation of were conducted, followed by comparative genomic analysis with 11 other species of Polyporales to examine genomic variations and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, transcriptome data were used to analyze the differential expression of polyketide synthase (PKS), terpene synthase (TPS) genes, and transcription factors (TFs) under different culture conditions.

Molecular and Metabolic Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Varieties of .

is an important medicinal plant, rich in flavonoid, with various pharmacological activities such as stomachic and antioxidant properties. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses to reveal metabolite and gene expression profiles of both green (GDd) and purple-red (RDd) of semi-annual and annual stems. A total of 244 flavonoid metabolites, mainly flavones and flavonols, were identified and annotated.

Dryopteris×subdiffracta (Dryopteridaceae), a new natural hybrid fern from Guangxi, China.

A new natural hybrid fern, Dryopteris×subdiffracta (Dryopteridaceae), is reported from Guangxi, China. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences from the low-copy nuclear marker and plastid genome revealed respectively that and are parents of the new hybrid, with as the maternal parent. Cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content indicated that might be a diploid hybrid.

Anti-Candida albicans effect and mechanism of Pachysandra axillaris Franch.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pachysandra axillaris Franch., a traditional herbal medicine in Yunnan, has been used to treat traumatic injuries and stomach ailments, some of which were related to microbial infections in conventional applications, but, to the best of our knowledge, the antifungal bioactivity of this plant and its main antifungal components have not been previously reported.

Aim Of The Study: To identify the antifungal compounds of P.

Three new compounds of Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, a dominant endophytic fungus from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight.

Three novel compounds, including an aromatic amino acid, dimorine A (1), a suncheonoside derivative, dimoroside A (2), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside, dimoroside B (3), together with four known compounds (4-7) were separated from Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, the predominant endophytic fungus found in the roots of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight (Ericaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the ECD spectrum confirmed the absolute configuration of 3. In addition, the antifungal activities of novel compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated.

Taxonomic novelty in Pleomonodictydaceae and new reports for (Phaeosphaeriaceae), and (Pleurotremataceae).

This study introduces a novel genus , with its type . The specimen was collected on dead aerial branches of in Italy. Based on the examination of morphology and the results of phylogenetic analyses involving nuclear 18S rDNA (SSU), nuclear 28S rDNA (LSU), nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.

[Characteristics of Nitrogen Cycle-related Bacterial Community and Its Response to Soil in the Main Lead-zinc Mine Reclamation Area of Lanping].

The nitrogen cycle has an important impact on the element cycle of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, it is important to clarify the key environmental factors of nitrogen cycle microorganisms for ecological restoration in mining areas. The functional flora can regulate the growth of vegetation by participating in the biogeochemical cycle of soil elements in the mining area, which is beneficial to the reclamation of the mining area.

[Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics and Influencing Factors from Vegetable Fields with Different Organic Planting Years].

To clarify the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions （CO, CH, and NO） and the comprehensive greenhouse effect from vegetable fields with different organic planting years, the differences in greenhouse gas emission flux, emission intensity （GHGI）, and warming potential （GWP） and their influencing factors among vegetable fields with different organic planting years in Songhuaba, including 10 years, 6 years, 3 years, and conventional planting, were analyzed. The results showed that the CO emissions from organic planting treatments were higher than those from conventional planting, whereas the NO and CH emissions were the opposite. Compared to those from conventional planting, the CO emission fluxes and cumulative emissions from organic cultivation for 10, 6, and 3 years increased by 121.

Convergent Patterns of Karyotype Evolution Underlying Karyotype Uniformity in Conifers.

Karyotype diversity plays an important role in speciation and diversification. However, gymnosperms, particularly conifers, exhibit remarkable karyotype uniformity. To explore the evolutionary processes shaping karyotypes in gymnosperms, the karyotype evolutionary history is reconstructed through comparative genomic analyses.

Purification and structural characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes using self-made quaternary chitosan cryogel.

The purification of polysaccharides is an essential preliminary step in determining their chemical structure, although it presents significant challenges. In this research, a macro-porous monolith of quaternary chitosan cryogel was synthesized for the purification of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes. A homogeneous neutral polysaccharide (BAP-1a1) with a weight-average molecular weight of 4.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas bacteria affect tomato response to Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) herbivory.

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most significant invasive and destructive pests worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the tomato industry. Rhizosphere microorganism, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Pseudomonas bacteria, can interact with plants individually or collectively to improve plant growth and resistance to pests and disease. However, the effects of AMF, Pseudomonas, and their interactions on plant responses to insect herbivores remain unclear.

Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Reduction and Retention Effects and Spatial Distribution of Soil Potential Toxicity Elements.

Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses a significant threat to crop quality and human health, making it a global concern. However, the distribution patterns of PTEs across different land-use types are not well understood. To investigate the relationship between the reduction and retention effects of various ecosystem types on soil PTEs, we analyzed five categories of target elements in 299 soil samples from the southeastern Yunnan Province.

Cis-Regulatory Evolution of CCNB1IP1 Driving Gradual Increase of Cortical Size and Folding in primates.

Neocortex expansion has a concerted relationship with folding, underlying evolution of human cognitive functions. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this significant evolutionary process remains unknown. Here, using tree shrew as an outgroup of primates, we identify a new regulator which acquired its expression before the emergence of primates.

A meta-analysis of dietary inhibitors for reducing methane emissions via modulating rumen microbiota in ruminants.

Background: Rumen methane emissions (RME) significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the essentials to identify effective inhibitors for RME mitigation. Despite various inhibitors shown potential in reducing RME by modulating rumen microbes, their impacts include considerable variations and inconsistency.

Objective: We aimed to quantitively assess the impacts of various methane inhibitors on RME, rumen microbial abundance and fermentation in ruminants.

Artemordosins A-L, cadinane-monoterpene heterodimers and sesquiterpenoids with antihepatoma activity from Artemisia ordosica.

Two unprecedented sesquiterpene and monoterpene heterodimers and ten previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids, artemordosins A-L (1-12), as well as ten known sesquiterpenoids (13-22), were obtained from Artemisia ordosica. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analyses of NMR, IR, HRESIMS, GIAO NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, and ECD calculations. Notably, artemordosins A and B (1 and 2) were the first examples of cadinane-monoterpene dimers, and artemordosin A (1) was a cadinane-myrceane heterodimer with a 6/6/6/6 ring system formed by [4 + 2] cycloaddition, while artemordosin B (2) was a 4,5-seco-cadinane-artemisane dimer connected through a C-5-O-C-4' linkage.

Anti-neuroinflammatory terpenes from Magnolia grandiflora.

Six previously undescribed sesquiterpenes, magnogranoides A-F (1-6), along with 10 known terpenes, were isolated from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora L. Six previously undescribed sesquiterpene derivatives (11a-11e and 14a) were synthesized using chemical methods. Those structures were identified through extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations.