Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Complex in Southwestern China.

and its allies are important edible and medicinal mushrooms in China. They are usually called Jiner () and have been cultivated on a commercial scale. However, due to the lack of DNA sequences from the holotype of , the taxonomic issues of the species complex are unresolved.

Genomic Features of and the Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis.

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have broad applications in biomedicine, biocontrol, and the food industry. In this study, whole-genome sequencing and annotation of were conducted, followed by comparative genomic analysis with 11 other species of Polyporales to examine genomic variations and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Additionally, transcriptome data were used to analyze the differential expression of polyketide synthase (PKS), terpene synthase (TPS) genes, and transcription factors (TFs) under different culture conditions.

Molecular and Metabolic Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Varieties of .

is an important medicinal plant, rich in flavonoid, with various pharmacological activities such as stomachic and antioxidant properties. In this study, we integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses to reveal metabolite and gene expression profiles of both green (GDd) and purple-red (RDd) of semi-annual and annual stems. A total of 244 flavonoid metabolites, mainly flavones and flavonols, were identified and annotated.

Dryopteris×subdiffracta (Dryopteridaceae), a new natural hybrid fern from Guangxi, China.

A new natural hybrid fern, Dryopteris×subdiffracta (Dryopteridaceae), is reported from Guangxi, China. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences from the low-copy nuclear marker and plastid genome revealed respectively that and are parents of the new hybrid, with as the maternal parent. Cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content indicated that might be a diploid hybrid.

Anti-Candida albicans effect and mechanism of Pachysandra axillaris Franch.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pachysandra axillaris Franch., a traditional herbal medicine in Yunnan, has been used to treat traumatic injuries and stomach ailments, some of which were related to microbial infections in conventional applications, but, to the best of our knowledge, the antifungal bioactivity of this plant and its main antifungal components have not been previously reported.

Aim Of The Study: To identify the antifungal compounds of P.

Three new compounds of Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, a dominant endophytic fungus from Vaccinium dunalianum Wight.

Three novel compounds, including an aromatic amino acid, dimorine A (1), a suncheonoside derivative, dimoroside A (2), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside, dimoroside B (3), together with four known compounds (4-7) were separated from Umbelopsis dimorpha VDG10, the predominant endophytic fungus found in the roots of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight (Ericaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the ECD spectrum confirmed the absolute configuration of 3. In addition, the antifungal activities of novel compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated.

Taxonomic novelty in Pleomonodictydaceae and new reports for (Phaeosphaeriaceae), and (Pleurotremataceae).

This study introduces a novel genus , with its type . The specimen was collected on dead aerial branches of in Italy. Based on the examination of morphology and the results of phylogenetic analyses involving nuclear 18S rDNA (SSU), nuclear 28S rDNA (LSU), nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.

[Characteristics of Nitrogen Cycle-related Bacterial Community and Its Response to Soil in the Main Lead-zinc Mine Reclamation Area of Lanping].

The nitrogen cycle has an important impact on the element cycle of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, it is important to clarify the key environmental factors of nitrogen cycle microorganisms for ecological restoration in mining areas. The functional flora can regulate the growth of vegetation by participating in the biogeochemical cycle of soil elements in the mining area, which is beneficial to the reclamation of the mining area.

[Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics and Influencing Factors from Vegetable Fields with Different Organic Planting Years].

To clarify the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions （CO, CH, and NO） and the comprehensive greenhouse effect from vegetable fields with different organic planting years, the differences in greenhouse gas emission flux, emission intensity （GHGI）, and warming potential （GWP） and their influencing factors among vegetable fields with different organic planting years in Songhuaba, including 10 years, 6 years, 3 years, and conventional planting, were analyzed. The results showed that the CO emissions from organic planting treatments were higher than those from conventional planting, whereas the NO and CH emissions were the opposite. Compared to those from conventional planting, the CO emission fluxes and cumulative emissions from organic cultivation for 10, 6, and 3 years increased by 121.

Convergent Patterns of Karyotype Evolution Underlying Karyotype Uniformity in Conifers.

Karyotype diversity plays an important role in speciation and diversification. However, gymnosperms, particularly conifers, exhibit remarkable karyotype uniformity. To explore the evolutionary processes shaping karyotypes in gymnosperms, the karyotype evolutionary history is reconstructed through comparative genomic analyses.

Purification and structural characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes using self-made quaternary chitosan cryogel.

The purification of polysaccharides is an essential preliminary step in determining their chemical structure, although it presents significant challenges. In this research, a macro-porous monolith of quaternary chitosan cryogel was synthesized for the purification of a neutral polysaccharide from Boletus auripes. A homogeneous neutral polysaccharide (BAP-1a1) with a weight-average molecular weight of 4.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Pseudomonas bacteria affect tomato response to Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) herbivory.

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most significant invasive and destructive pests worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the tomato industry. Rhizosphere microorganism, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Pseudomonas bacteria, can interact with plants individually or collectively to improve plant growth and resistance to pests and disease. However, the effects of AMF, Pseudomonas, and their interactions on plant responses to insect herbivores remain unclear.

Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Reduction and Retention Effects and Spatial Distribution of Soil Potential Toxicity Elements.

Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses a significant threat to crop quality and human health, making it a global concern. However, the distribution patterns of PTEs across different land-use types are not well understood. To investigate the relationship between the reduction and retention effects of various ecosystem types on soil PTEs, we analyzed five categories of target elements in 299 soil samples from the southeastern Yunnan Province.

Cis-Regulatory Evolution of CCNB1IP1 Driving Gradual Increase of Cortical Size and Folding in primates.

Neocortex expansion has a concerted relationship with folding, underlying evolution of human cognitive functions. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this significant evolutionary process remains unknown. Here, using tree shrew as an outgroup of primates, we identify a new regulator which acquired its expression before the emergence of primates.

Artemordosins A-L, cadinane-monoterpene heterodimers and sesquiterpenoids with antihepatoma activity from Artemisia ordosica.

Two unprecedented sesquiterpene and monoterpene heterodimers and ten previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids, artemordosins A-L (1-12), as well as ten known sesquiterpenoids (13-22), were obtained from Artemisia ordosica. Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive analyses of NMR, IR, HRESIMS, GIAO NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, and ECD calculations. Notably, artemordosins A and B (1 and 2) were the first examples of cadinane-monoterpene dimers, and artemordosin A (1) was a cadinane-myrceane heterodimer with a 6/6/6/6 ring system formed by [4 + 2] cycloaddition, while artemordosin B (2) was a 4,5-seco-cadinane-artemisane dimer connected through a C-5-O-C-4' linkage.

Anti-neuroinflammatory terpenes from Magnolia grandiflora.

Six previously undescribed sesquiterpenes, magnogranoides A-F (1-6), along with 10 known terpenes, were isolated from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora L. Six previously undescribed sesquiterpene derivatives (11a-11e and 14a) were synthesized using chemical methods. Those structures were identified through extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations.

Mining of antioxidant sesquiterpene lactones from the aerial parts of Saussurea involucrata with feature-based molecular network strategy.

Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a class of natural products with diverse structural scaffoldings and biological activities, making them intriguing objects in the fields of pharmaceutical industry, drug development, and pharmacology. Herein, fifteen SLs, including eleven undescribed SLs compounds sauruintones A-K (1-8 and 13-15), were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Saussurea involucrata. Their structures were characterized by using mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods, computational calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenoids from Dendrobium improve insulin resistance and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Twelve picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Dendrobium wardianum, of which dendrowardins K-N (1-4) are new compounds and dendrowardins O and P (9, 10) are new natural products. Notably, the structure of dendrowardin K contains the rarely observed 10,11-γ-lactone ring. The structural configurations of these compounds were determined through comprehensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and other spectroscopic analyses.

The inhibition effect of high temperature stress on potato tuber skin coloring mainly occurred in the belowground part of the plant.

High temperature stress leads to a dramatic reduction of both the anthocyanin concentration and the appearance quality of colored potatoes. However, it remains uncertain if the high temperature impacts potato tuber skin coloring through only the aerial or belowground parts of the plant, or through their interaction; and it's underlying reason is still unclear. In this study, the red-skin cultivar Qingshu9 (Qs9) was exposed to the high-temperature (30 °C) treatment on the belowground part alone (BH), aerial part alone (AH) and entire plant (EH), and the normal-temperature treatment on entire plant (EN) as control.

Identification of a novel peptide with anti-inflammatory activity from Binglangjiang buffalo fermented milk and its potential inhibitory mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Binglangjiang buffalo fermented milk (BBFM) is rich in bioactive peptides and exhibits significant immunomodulatory activity, although the specific components and effects are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity peptides from BBFM using peptidomics and proteomics. A total of 769 peptides were identified using LC-MS/MS.

Y01 reduces HFD-induced obesity altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles and modulating adipose tissue macrophage M1/M2 polarization.

Obesity-related metabolic syndrome is intimately associated with infiltrated adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders. holds the potential to mitigate obesity; however, there exist strain-specific functionalities and diverse mechanisms, which deserve extensive exploration. This study aims to explore the potential of Y01, isolated from traditional sour whey, in alleviating HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice and elucidating its underlying mechanism.

Population expansion from central plain to northern coastal China inferred from ancient human genomes.

The population history of the northern coastal Chinese is largely unknown due to the lack of ancient human genomes from the Neolithic to historical periods. In this study, we reported 14 newly generated ancient genomes from Linzi, one of China's densely populated and economically prosperous cities from the Zhou to Han Dynasties. The ancient samples in this study were dated to the Warring States period to the Eastern Han Dynasty (∼2,000 BP).

A nearly telomere-to-telomere diploid genome assembly of Firmiana kwangsiensis, a threatened species in China.

Firmiana kwangsiensis is a tree species of high ornamental value. The species is critically endangered in the wild, and is listed as a first-class national protected wild plant in China, and a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in need of urgent protection. We have assembled a chromosome-scale, haplotype-resolved genome for F.

A chromosome-scale reference genome of the Banna miniature inbred pig.

The Banna miniature inbred pig (BN) is an intensively inbred line for biomedical research and xenotransplantation due to its low individual variation and stable genetic background. Although it is originated from the Diannan miniature pig (DN), substantial genetic changes have actually occurred. However, the lack of a BN reference genome has limited studies on the complete genomic architecture and utilization as a biomedical model.