The Potential Mechanism of Fructus Against Hyperuricemia: An Integration of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and In Vitro Experiments.

: Fructus (AOF) is a medicinal and edible resource that holds potential to ameliorate hyperuricemia (HUA), yet its mechanism of action warrants further investigation. : We performed network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro experiments to investigate the potential action and mechanism of AOF against HUA. : The results indicate that 48 potential anti-HUA targets for 4 components derived from AOF were excavated and predicted through public databases.

Preharvest Treatment with Melatonin Improves Antioxidant and Phenylpropanoid Pathways During Postharvest Storage.

is known for its popularity and robust nutritional value. While fresh fruit is a perishable commodity, it has a short post-harvest life and is susceptible to fungal decay after harvest. Melatonin has been reported to delay the aging and quality decline of various fruits and vegetables after harvest.

Cooperative and Independent Functionality of tmRNA and SmpB in : A Multifunctional Exploration Beyond Ribosome Rescue.

The trans-translation system, mediated by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA, encoded by the gene) and its partner protein SmpB, helps to release ribosomes stalled on defective mRNA and targets incomplete protein products for hydrolysis. Knocking out the and genes in various pathogens leads to different phenotypic changes, indicating that they have both cooperative and independent functionalities. This study aimed to clarify the functional relationships between tmRNA and SmpB in a pathogen that poses threats in aquaculture and human health.

Advances in Whole Genome Sequencing: Methods, Tools, and Applications in Population Genomics.

With the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a crucial tool for studying genetic variation and population structure. Utilizing population genomics tools to analyze resequencing data allows for the effective integration of selection signals with population history, precise estimation of effective population size, historical population trends, and structural insights, along with the identification of specific genetic loci and variations. This paper reviews current whole genome sequencing technologies, detailing primary research methods, relevant software, and their advantages and limitations within population genomics.

Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Possessing Activity Towards Autophagic Flux.

Euphjatrophanes H-L (-), four new jatrophane-type and one new lathyrane-type diterpenoid, were isolated from , along with eight known diterpenoids (-). Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallographic experiments. All compounds were subjected to bioactivity evaluation using flow cytometry in autophagic flux assays with HM mCherry-GFP-LC3 cells, the human microglia cells which stably expressed the tandem monomeric mCherry-GFP-tagged LC3.

Elucidating the Underlying Allelopathy Effects of on Using Metabolomics Profiling.

dominates the subalpine meadows in Shangri-La (Southwest China) owing to its potent allelopathic effects. However, the effects underlying its allelopathy require further characterization at the physiological and molecular levels. In this study, the physiological, biochemical, and metabolic mechanisms underlying allelopathy were investigated using as a receptor plant.

A New '-morphotype' Species of Tube-Nosed Bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: ) from China.

During an examination of various specimens previously collected from different locations at different times, we discovered four specimens that had been collected in October and December 2023 from the Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve, Lvchun, Yunnan, China. Morphologically, these specimens can be distinguished from and other congeneric species based on a combination of body size, hair distribution, fur colour, and skull and teeth characteristics; molecularly, an analysis of Cyt and COI gene sequences showed that these specimens form a monophyletic group with with high posterior probability and bootstrap support values. Furthermore, the genetic distance between our specimens and was greater than the minimum threshold for interspecific differentiation, indicating that they are phylogenetically close but have diverged.

Using Recombinase-Aid Amplification Combined with Argonaute for Rapid Sex Identification in Flamingo ().

Flamingos () are among the oldest birds worldwide and are loved by people for their bright red feathers. In addition, flamingos are sexually monomorphic birds, and distinguishing between males and females is difficult. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used for sex identification.

Characterization and comparative transcriptomic analysis of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken using RNA-sequencing.

Tibetan chicken, an indigenous breed, inhabit highland regions and are crucial livestock for local Tibetans. Compared with other chicken breeds that have migrated from lowlands to highlands, Tibetan chicken exhibits superior physiological adaptations to high-altitude environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain unclear.

From Monocyclization to Pentacyclization: A Versatile Plant Cyclase Produces Diverse Sesterterpenes with Anti-Liver Fibrosis Potential.

A prolific multi-product sesterterpene synthase CbTPS1 is characterized from the medicinal Brassicaceae plant Capsella bursa-pastoris. Twenty different sesterterpenes including 16 undescribed compounds, possessing 10 different mono-/di-/tri-/tetra-/penta-carbocyclic skeletons, including the unique 15-membered macrocyclic and 24(15→14)-abeo-capbuane scaffolds, are isolated and structurally elucidated from engineered Escherichia coli strains expressing CbTPS1. Site-directed mutagenesis assisted by molecular dynamics simulations resulted in the variant L354M with up to 13.

Four Alkaloids from with Antitumor Activity via Disturbing Glutathione Homeostasis.

Alstoschoquinolines A-D (-) representing three unprecedented scaffolds were isolated from the leaves of through direct separation by LC/MS detection. and consisted of a 5/6/5-coupled quinoline architecture containing six consecutive chiral carbons, while and possessed a bridged ring featuring 6/6/6/6 and 6/6/8/6 skeletons, respectively. They might be derived from the corynantheine-type indole alkaloid via sequential oxidation and rearrangement.

Manipulating stomatal aperture by silencing StSLAC1 affects potato plant-herbivore-parasitoid tritrophic interactions under drought stress.

The effects of drought stress on stomatal opening dynamics, plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and plant-insect interactions have been well-documented individually, but how they interact mechanistically remains poorly studied. Here, we studied how drought-triggered stomatal closure affects VOC emission and plant-trophic interactions by combining RNAi silencing, molecular biological and chemical analyses (GC-MS) of a potato-tuber moth-egg parasitoid tritrophic system. Drought stress attenuated stomatal apertures and VOC emissions, which made the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.

Population sequencing of cherry accessions unravels the evolution of Cerasus species and the selection of genetic characteristics in edible cherries.

Cerasus is a subgenus of Prunus in the family Rosaceae that is popular owing to its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Understanding the evolution of the Cerasus subgenus and identifying selective trait loci in edible cherries are crucial for the improvement of cherry cultivars to meet producer and consumer demands. In this study, we performed a de novo assembly of a chromosome-scale genome for the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.

Multi-omic analysis on the molecular mechanisms of rapid growth in 'Deqin' alfalfa after space mutagenesis.

Background: Space-induced plant mutagenesis, driven by cosmic radiation, offers a promising approach for the selective breeding of new plant varieties. By leveraging the unique environment of outer space, we successfully induced mutagenesis in 'Deqin' alfalfa and obtained a fast-growing mutant. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its rapid growth remain poorly unexplored.

Preparation, characterization, stability and replenishing calcium ability of Moringa oleifera leaf peptide-calcium chelates.

Calcium deficiency has garnered significant attention as a global public health issue. A new generation of calcium supplements, peptide-calcium chelates, is expected to increase in market value. In this study, we produced MORP (MW < 1 kDa) from Moringa oleifera leaf protein via enzymatic hydrolysis for chelation with Ca to produce MORP-Ca.

Oligosaccharide-assisted resolution of holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfate for fine structure and P-selectin inhibition.

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) from Holothuria mexicana (FCS) was selected for investigation because of its intriguing branch features. Selective β-eliminative depolymerization and the bottom-up assembly were performed to unravel that FCS consisted of a {D-GlcA-β1,3-D-GalNAc} backbone and branches of alternating Fuc (55 %) and D-GalNAc-α1,2-L-Fuc (45 %), the highest proportion of disaccharide branch reported to date. In branches, sulfation could occur at every free -OH site except O-3 of GalNAc, being the most complex and various structure features of natural FCS.

New C-linked diarylheptanoid dimers as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors evidenced by biological, spectral and theoretical approaches.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, generally due to defects of insulin action or secretion. Inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme responsible for carbohydrate degradation, is a promising strategy for managing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. In this study, two new C-linked diarylheptanoid dimers, kaemgalanganols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from K.

A genome-wide survey of DNA methylation reveals hyper-methylation regulates after-ripening and dormancy of recalcitrant Panax notoginseng seeds.

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in regulating fruit ripening and seed development. It remains unknown about the dynamic characteristics of DNA methylation and its regulation mechanisms in morpho-physiological dormancy (MPD)-typed seeds with recalcitrant characteristics. The Panax notoginseng seeds are defined by the MPD and are characterized by a strong sensitivity to dehydration during the after-ripening process.

Peptide Profile Changes in Buffalo Milk Cheese during Different Storage Periods and Characterization of Novel Bioactive Peptides through Peptidomics.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in the bioactive peptides (BPs) of buffalo milk cheese (BMC) within 15 days of storage. A total of 3605 peptides were identified in the BMC, with 260 peptides remaining stable for 15 days. Among these, the peak intensities of all reported BPs (9 peptides) increased on the 15th day.

Methylome analysis in long-lived men deciphers DNA methylation modifications associated with male longevity in humans.

Men, despite having a lower likelihood of longevity compared to women, generally exhibit better health status when they achieve longevity. The role of DNA methylation in this paradox remains unclear. We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on long-lived men (LLMs), long-lived women (LLWs), younger men (YMs) and younger women (YWs) to explore specific methylation characteristics in LLMs.

The Identification of Family Genes and Their Expression, Function, and Regulation in .

Quinoa () is an Andean allotetraploid pseudocereal crop with higher protein content and balanced amino acid composition in the seeds. Ammonium (NH), a direct source of organic nitrogen assimilation, mainly transported by specific transmembrane ammonium transporters (), plays important roles in the development, yield, and quality of crops. Many and their functions have been identified in major crops; however, no systematic analyses of and their regulatory networks, which is important to increase the yield and protein accumulation in the seeds of quinoa, have been performed to date.

A Tachyplesin Antimicrobial Peptide from Theraphosidae Spiders with Potent Antifungal Activity Against .

The venoms of Theraphosidae spiders have evolved into diverse natural pharmacopeias through selective pressures. is a global health threat that frequently causes life-threatening meningitis and fungemia, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we identify a novel anti- peptide, QS18 (QCFKVCFRKRCFTKCSRS), from the venom gland of China's native spider species by utilizing bioinformatic tools.

and Affect the Growth of the Invasive Plant and Its Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore .

Exotic plants can selectively recruit beneficial microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and spp., during their invasion process to enhance growth and competitiveness by improving nutrient absorption and strengthening defense capabilities against herbivores. However, research in the context of invasive plants remains limited.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Two Geographical Regions: Insights into Structure and Genetic Differentiation.

The honeybee plays a crucial role as a pollinator, contributing significantly to biodiversity and supporting ecological processes [...