Simultaneous removal of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrate, and chromate using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration.

Feasibility of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration for the mixed waste that is consisted of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrate, and chromate was investigated using a cationic surfactant. The co-presence of nitrate and chromate did not significantly affect the removal of chlorobenzenes, and the co-presence of chlorobenzenes did not affect the removal of nitrate and chromate because chlorobenzenes were solubilized at the hydrophobic interior of the micelles by hydrophobic interaction, but nitrate and chromate were bound to the outer shell by electrostatic interaction. Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration can be applied to treat the mixed wastes.

A neuro-fuzzy model for estimating electromyographical activity of trunk muscles due to manual lifting.

The main objective of this study was to develop a hybrid neuro-fuzzy system for estimating the magnitude of EMG responses of 10 trunk muscles based on two lifting task variables (trunk velocity and trunk moment) as model inputs. The input and output variables were represented using the fuzzy membership functions. The initial fuzzy rules were generated by the neural network using true EMG data.

Numerical analysis of the three-dimensional blood flow in the korean artificial heart.

Flow in the blood sac of the Korean artificial heart is numerically simulated by finite element method. Fluid-structure interaction algorithm is employed to compute the three-dimensional blood flow interacting with the sac material. For verification of the numerical method of fluid-structure interaction, two-dimensional flow in a collapsible channel with initial tension is simulated and the results are compared with numerical solutions from the literature.

Numerical analysis of blood flow through a stenosed artery using a coupled, multiscale simulation method.

A global system model of the systemic circulation is combined with a local finite element solution to simulate blood flow in a stenosed coronary artery. Local fluid dynamic issues arise in connection with the detailed flow patterns within the stenosed coronary artery while the global system model is used to simulate the response of the rest of the circulation to the local perturbation. A PISO type finite element technique is employed to compute the local blood flow.

A new method for conservation of nitrogen in aerobic composting processes.

Several factors, such as pH, C/N ratio, temperature, mixing and turning, and aeration rate, could affect the loss of ammonia in composting reactions. Substantial loss of ammonia can reduce the nutrient value of the compost product and may lead to a severe odor problem in the composting facility. A new method for conservation of ammonia in composting was proposed and tested in this study.

Numerical analysis of three-dimensional Björk-Shiley valvular flow in an aorta.

Laminar vortical flow around a fully opened Björk-Shiley valve in an aorta is obtained by solving the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Used is a noniterative implicit finite-element Navier-Stokes code developed by the authors, which makes use of the well-known finite difference algorithm PISO. The code utilizes segregated formulation and efficient iterative matrix solvers such as PCGS and ICCG.